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Traffic congestion, energy efficiency, and environmental issues are fueling the interest in light electric vehicles. In particular, electric human-powered hybrid vehicles are compelling because of their low cost, ease of use, lightweight, and extremely small footprint. This paper presents an electrically assisted kick scooter. Most electric scooters are throttle-controlled; this makes them electric...
Traffic congestion, energy and environmental considerations are boosting the interest for Light Electric Vehicles. Electrically Power Assisted Cycles (EPAC's) show a great potential: they are cost effective, safe, easy to use and have a small footprint. In this paper, we present SeNZA a Series Hybrid Electric Bicycle. Designing a Series Hybrid Electric Bicycle poses several challenges; in this work,...
This paper addresses the problem of designing a speed limiter for an electrically assisted kick scooter. A control-oriented model of the longitudinal dynamics is first derived, by taking into account the scooter/human interaction. A coasting-down experiment is then carried out for parametric identification. Two different speed limiting architectures are finally studied and experimentally tested: a...
This paper presents a hybrid ABS controller based on wheel deceleration and force sensing. The proposed controller consists of a deceleration based switching logic that stabilizes the wheel slip dynamics around a limit cycle and a force measurement based algorithm that updates the maximum and minimum braking torque. It is shown how force sensing can improve performance and, at the same time, yield...
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