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In this paper we propose different strategies for the scheduling of unbalanced microgrids, characterized by the presence of a variety of distributed resources such as datacenters, electric vehicles and distributed generation systems. The operation strategies are based on the solution of single-objective optimization problems, whose objective functions are related to specific services and requirements...
The management of micro grids requires the dynamic harmonic state estimation of the system in order to perform control strategies that optimize waveform distortions. In industrial context, AC and DC devices and sources coexist and, therefore, micro grids can be a hybrid combination of AC and DC power sections. Also for such hybrid AC/DC micro grids optimal control strategies that optimize waveform...
The paper deals with the efficiency evaluation of a micro-generation unit for energy recovery in water distribution networks. The analyzed system includes an electric motor-driven pump working as turbine/generator, connected to the electrical grid through a bi-directional power converter. The micro-generation unit is implemented in an experimental setup which simulates a real water network in a reduced...
Modeling of supply interruptions and voltage dips caused by component failures and scheme reconfigurations in an electrical distribution scheme is considered in a Smart Grid scenario. Explicit reference is made to a MV/LV transformer substation supplying an industrial load. The modeling difficulties due to the contemporaneous presence of fast switching actions together with slow repair procedures...
A statistical model to characterize solar radiation taking into account the daily variability is proposed. The model, starting from measured data of solar radiation and historical data referring to its monthly average values, is able to generate synthetic time series. To obtain such scope, it combines information taken from the ‘clear sky’ theoretical model with the random extraction of the determinations...
In this paper, the benefits that can be derived from the installation of an energy storage system in an industrial facility are analyzed, and an optimal control strategy of the storage system is proposed. The proposed control strategy is based on a two-step procedure and aims at (i) reducing the electricity costs sustained by an industrial customer that provides demand response and (ii) satisfying...
This is the companion paper to “Part I: theoretical aspects”. In Part I a new procedure was proposed in order to control an energy storage system installed in an industrial facility. The control strategy, based on the combined use of day ahead scheduling and very short time predictive control, aims at minimizing the cost suffered by the industrial owner for energy consumption and satisfying constraints...
This paper proposes a real time control strategy of battery systems in the frame of dynamically varying energy pricing. The battery, which is supposed to operate in a large industrial facility, is managed in order to reduce the daily costs sustained by the industry owner for the energy consumption. Multi-battery configurations are taken into account and an optimization model is formulated and solved...
Electrical energy storage systems can provide several benefits along the entire value chain of the electrical system. In this paper attention is paid to the end user point of view, with particular reference to industrial customers. An optimal operating strategy is proposed for energy storage systems with the aim of reducing the electricity bill costs sustained by an industrial customer and contemporaneously...
This paper presents initial results of a three-year research project entitled ATLANTIDE, which is aimed at developing a comprehensive digital archive of reference models of Italian distribution networks, including forecasted load and generation development evolving towards future smart grid scenarios. Such reference network models and evolutionary scenarios should provide a useful benchmark for testing...
In recent years, modern distribution networks are rapidly evolving toward the new concept of Smart Grid (SG) due to the increasing level of penetration of distributed generation (DG) units, storage systems and information and communication technologies. In the framework of low voltage distribution systems, SGs based on either AC or DC grids have been proposed and compared in the technical literature,...
This article focuses on the sizing of hybrid PV-Diesel stand alone systems. The sizing is performed taking into account the expected life of batteries and Diesel generators. A suitable model is proposed to determine an optimum configuration which minimizes long-term costs including external costs. The model is validated on a real life case-study.
This is the companion paper to “Part I: theoretical aspects”. Part I reviews and critically analyses some of the most significant single-objective optimization methodologies proposed for the optimal operation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) operating in Smart Grids. This Part II applies the models presented in Part I to a low voltage test Smart Grid. Analysis of the results highlights the behavior...
Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) could become remarkable resources for improving quality and reliability of future grids, if adequate control of their onboard storage systems is provided. Hence, the problem of PEVs optimal control strategies is a crucial topic of research in modern power system operation. This is particularly true in the Smart Grid (SG) context, where the presence of bi-directional...
This paper deals with Smart Grids including renewable generation plants and plug-in vehicle fleets managed by aggregators and connected to the grid through power electronic devices. A new multi-objective optimization model is proposed in order to obtain the optimal operation of the Smart Grids. The proposed model originates from the need of accomplishing numerous and sometime conflicting objectives...
In many countries the distribution system is rapidly approaching the critical point beyond that the passive operation is no longer feasible and economic. The active distribution network aims at enabling producers and consumers to play in the energy market. The strategic goal of active distribution is a low carbon, competitive, reliable and cost effective distribution system. The paper focuses on an...
The paper presents a probabilistic approach based on a Monte Carlo technique for the evaluation of the probability density function of three phase short-circuit currents in a distribution network with distributed generations. The proposed approach takes into account all the major uncertainties affecting the magnitude of the fault currents: power load demands, network configurations, fault location,...
The problem of choosing the optimal location and size for shunt capacitors in unbalanced distribution systems can be formulated as a mixed, non-linear, constrained multi-objective optimization problem, and is usually solved in deterministic scenarios. However, distribution systems are stochastic in nature, which leads to inaccurate deterministic solutions. To take into account the unavoidable uncertainties...
In this paper, the problem of the use of dispersed generation (DG) for providing ancillary services in electrical distribution systems is addressed. Fuel cell-based, photovoltaic cell-based, and wind generation systems are connected to the distribution network through power electronic interfaces, each with a proper storage system for the optimal grid operation. Thanks also to the storage system, the...
The paper deals with the optimal sizing and allocation of dispersed generation, distributed storage systems and capacitor banks. The optimization aims at minimizing the sum of the costs sustained by the distributor for the power losses, for network upgrading, for carrying out the reactive power service and the costs of storage and capacitor installation, over a planning period of several years. A...
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