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In this paper, we present the derivation of the backfitting training algorithms for generic p-layer additive F0 models for arbitrary positive integer p. We have presented the special cases of the algorithms with p = 2 and p = 3 that have been successfully applied to the modelings of Japanese and English F0 contours, whereas the derivation of the algorithm was presented only for the two-layer case...
We propose an approach to modeling Chinese tonal patterns, focusing on the basic fundamental frequency (F0) patterns characterized by the contextual linguistic features that can be directly extracted from text. We analyze tonal patterns as sparse target points (tonal F0 peaks and valleys) and represent them in parametric form within the framework of a functional F0 model. The relationships between...
Chinese is a tonal language. It has both lexical tones and intonation. The fundamental frequency (F0) contours thereby consist of tone and intonation components. This paper presents an approach to modeling the two components in separate ways and combining them to form the final F0 contours based on a functional F0 model. We analyze tonal patterns as sparse target points (tonal F0 peaks and valleys)...
Modulation of speaking tone in frequency can make speech interesting and convey subtle meaning in communication. We present a frequency modulation (FM) technique for prosodic modification to consider communicative speech synthesis. This technique provides a mathematical formulation for representing speaking tone and manipulating FM in a unified framework. Two experiments are conducted with a text-to-speech...
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