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In this paper, the immune algorithm (IA) is proposed to derive the rephasing strategy arrangement of laterals and distribution transformers to enhance three phase balancing of distribution systems. The multi-objective function is formulated by considering the unbalance of phasing currents, the customer service interruption cost and labor cost to perform the optimal rephasing strategy. To demonstrate...
This paper is to derive the optimal planning of protective relay schemes for a transmission network by immune algorithm. The historical data of protective relay malfunction in Taipower has been used to determine the failure rate and repair rate of each type of protective relays in Taipower system. The Markov models of protective relays are determined and integrated with the transmission network to...
To enhance the cost effectiveness of distribution automation system (DAS), this paper proposes the immune algorithm (IA) to derive the optimal placement of switching devices by minimizing the total cost of customer service outage and investment cost of line switches. The reliability index of each service zone defined by the boundary switches is derived to solve the expected energy not served due to...
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