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Permanent micro-modification of refractive index in dielectrics by means of femtosecond laser pulses is a novel enabling technology in photonics. A wide range of photonic structures manufactured using this method has been recently demonstrated. Nonlinear absorption is a crucial mechanism of efficient energy deposition at the spatial scale down to a fraction of laser wavelength. Two main distinct nonlinear...
Femtosecond-pulsed laser writing of waveguides, a few mm long, is demonstrated; waveguides were written orthogonally to the writing beam inside the bulk of ErIII-doped oxyfluoride glasses at a depth of 160 mum. The writing beam was 795 nm wavelength, 54 fs pulse duration and 11 MHz repetition rate. Tracks were written at pulse energies of 13.1 nJ to 26.1 nJ and sample translational velocity of 10...
Currently, direct-write waveguide fabrication is probably the most widely studied application of femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent dielectrics. Devices such as buried waveguides, power splitters, couplers, gratings, and optical amplifiers have all been demonstrated. Waveguide properties depend critically on the sample material properties and writing laser characteristics. In this paper,...
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