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A standard contemporary formulation essentialism defines essential properties with a help of a concept of possible worlds. It is often argued that in order to use possible worlds effectively, facts about transworld identity of individuals need to be determined. In this paper I discuss how essentialist might attempt the issue of transworld identity of individuals. Specifically, I analyze a connection...
The moral choices made both in the context of everyday life and in the reality of war fascinate psychologists and philosophers focused on experimental research on intuition. In particular, in many psychological articles, the decisions made by the subjects in different variations of the trolley problem are analyzed. Most often, complex stories are presented for respondents and they can choose between...
In this article we reflect on the relationship between the state and the contemporary art world. We show the errors that occur in the politics of art financed from public funds. Our authority are Milton and Rose Friedman and their book Free to choose.
The paper is devoted to the 19th century conceptions of the relation between the individual and the society and their influence on art. It will be discussed on the example of Ernest Renan and Hippolyte Taine. Close analysis and explication of these two philosophies will show that the influence is, in fact, always two-way: an individual takes inspiration from the prevailing world-view and at the same...
Through a close reading of a small section of Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity, this paper aims to highlight what is, in the author’s view, a particularly significant aspect of Charles Taylor’s conception of the constitution of selfhood. Namely, its entanglement in speech. “We don’t have selves in the way we have hearts and livers”, Taylor argues. We ‘have selves’ through the...
The subject of “Psychoanalysis and culture” is one of the three main
topic lines Ricoeur moves in his essays on Freud. Ricoeur takes the
intellectual challenge of comprehensive interpretation of the Freud’s
work and shows his subtle understanding of Freud’s philosophical
views. Ricouer tries his best to translate the language of psychoanalysis
into philosophy. At the same time he’s aware that...
The purpose of this paper is to provide grounds for the thesis on close
relations between pedagogy and ethics. These relations can be both
accidental and necessary in their form, however, the latter are definitely
more significant in terms of implications for the pedagogy as a
discipline. This is because pedagogy can be considered as (practical)
ethics. The thesis will be supported by reference...
Gaston Bachelard discuss the problem of the rationality of scientific
thinking in terms of epistemological obstacles. In book The Formation of
the Scientific Mind philosopher characterizes scientific attitude as an
attempt to eliminate the impact of affective images on thinking, which is
possible in the process of psychoanalysis of objective knowledge.
Bachelard indicates positive model for science:...
The text presents thoughts of American philosopher of education Daniel
R. DeNicola on liberal education contained in his book under the title
„Learning to Flourishing. A Philosophical Exploration of Liberal
Education”, published in 2012. He describes education realised in
American Liberal Arts Colleges. Analysing paradigms in which liberal
education developed and created its long and differentiated...
Among the features marking a mystical experience facilitated by certain
kind of psychedelic substances researchers singled out the so-called
noetic quality, which indicates that mystical experiences can have a
cognitive significance. The main goal of my article is then to address the
question, whether this cognitive capacity of mystical experience has only
a subjective/psychological value, or...
This article will try to indicate the most important theories which
constitute the modern paradigm of the war. The theory of the war is an
important issue in political philosophy because it accentuates how the
boundaries of the existence and the functioning of the state are drawn.
Seeking works that form the basis of the paradigm, one should begin
with presenting a specific structure of the theory...
In my paper I intend to uncover the relationship between ethics and
literature. The aforementioned issue is connected to ’ethical turn’ —
new orientation in literary studies, which was introduced in the
nineties of 20th century. In order to uncover its source of inspiration, I
refer to Lévinas’s works, such as Reality and its Shadow, The poet’s
vision, Totality and Infinity, Otherwise than Being...
This article discusses the concept of a person in Edith Stein’s
philosophical anthropology. It is a key-concept of Stein’s early and later
philosophical theories. I discuss the properties and conditions of being
a person, in particular: spirituality, rationality, freedom, being an ego
and the individuality of persons. Analysis is confronted with the
historical beginnings of the term ‘person’...
This paper presents the meaning of the concept of love in philosophy of
Friedrich Nietzsche. Love in its proper form is a kind of intoxication
(Rausch), therefore it is an expression of feeling of power. Besides there
are also distorted types of love. There are love of the herd, which is one
of the modest virtue, and Christian love as manifestation of the
greatness weakness. The main aim of this...
The article compares two approaches of subjectivity: ‘tragic
subjectivity’ and ‘ironic’ one. Both of them include different
anthropology. Tragic subjectivity is most fully expressed in
commitment to values. Tragic protagonist is the one who by acting
according to his commitment to values becomes self–conscious.
However, subjectivity which emerges from tragic vision cannot exist in
postmodern...
In this article Alasdair MacIntyre’s thesis concerning emotivist use of
moral utterances in contemporary liberal societies is analysed. One
tries to show that it needs further clarification since at least three
elements of MacIntyre’s argument seem to pose certain problems; these
are: ‘discussion halt’ as the source of emotivism, comprehensive
doctrines as premises of respective arguments in...
The goal of this article is to discuss a theory of reference for
hallucinatory experiences. Firstly, my paper will be concerned with the
theory of perception underlying common definition of hallucination.
Secondly, I will present three main theories of reference for experiences
given in different kinds of altered states of consciousness. These three
theories are: neuroscientific, supranaturalistic...
The paper presents a relation between nihilism and violence by using
the theory of Max Stirner. The author’s choice of the philosopher is
driven by her view that nihilism has reached its maturity in his main
work. Even more, a key critique raised with respect to the author of
"The Ego and his Own" touched exactly on the issue of violence (among
others, in deliberations of Dostoyevsky...
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