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Main goal of this publication is to explain role of responsibility companies for his activity, product, services and employees. In last time definition of civil liability was very wide, because of our adaptation to EC rules. That mean in case of any losses with casualties, body hurt, lost of gain and other, costumer has right to demand compensations which could be very high. Insurance company selling...
Commune is one of the participants in the real estate market. The revenues from the
trade in the real property owned by the commune are a component of the revenues from
the commune’s assets. The commune has a considerable influence on this type of revenues
unlike on other types of revenues.
The influence is manifested in the possibility of determining the type, structure and
amount of such revenues...
Monitoring finance act was amended many times. However the most important and the
farreaching changes were included in the amendment dated 7.11.96. It resulted in change of
scope and aim of finance audit, the broadening of auditors’ competencies and other people
connected with audit tasks.
The regulations of amended act lead to the connection of finance audit with other
specialized state authorities...
This report has the aim to perform the legal and the economic bases of direct financing of local self - government etities by banks. It presents most important legal acts regulating a matter of financial independence of gminas in poland. Besides, the article presents the role of banks and the necessity of their specialization in the range of financial services of gminas. Furthermore the special attention...
Venture capital can be defined as equity capital provided by firms or individuals who invest in
young, rapidly growing companies which have the potential to develop into significant business.
Venture capitalists work in partnership with entrepreneurs of the business assisting at the strategic
level and providing support and advice based on their expertise, experience and network of
contacts. It...
The arlicle explains and represents a practical usage of the financial futures on the
Warsaw Stock Exchange. On the first place on the actual examples are shown means of the
using financial futures in order to secure shares portfolio during the bear market. Secondly
the author explains how to make a profit on a bull or a bear market.
SMEs represent the dominating segment of enterprises in all countries and especially in
those heading for market economy and developing. Hence the paper focuses on problems
related to problems in accounting systems operated by SMEs, financial reporting and
accountants expertise. The paper proposes an accounting model for SMEs based on the report
Accounting by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises.
The purpose of this article is to demonstrate and access the open pension funds after
more than two years of operation in the Polish Market. The author will presents the structure
of investment portfolio and will also answer the questions as to thcther the existing investment
system of the open pension fund has proved assicient and sufficiently effective and to what
is the role of the institutions...
The history of mortgage loans is strictly connected with the history of the Polish banking
system. The standard of housing was well below the European standards to which the country
aspired, although it was, in fact, no worse than for most other countries at the similar stage
of economic development. Housing matters as a major quality of life issue. Choice in housing
is a key component of any...
The article explains and represents a practical usage of the most popular means of
technical analysis used wildly by investors on the stock exchange. The author brings forward
a moving average as well as indicators such as: MACD, Bollinger Bands, ROC and RSI. On
the basis of the market prices of “Permedia” during the time from November 1999 to June
2000, the means have been used to locate the...
This study takes into consideration the issue of leasing as a specific form o f financing
investment, which can be an alternative to a traditional bank credit. The author begins this
article with some comments on the matter and kinds o f leasing and some ways how to
calculate the leasing charge. Then, the authors focus on the comparison between leasing and
bank credit.
The comparative analysis...
Celem artykułu jest opisanie znaczenia podatku dochodowego od osób fizycznych dla
dochodów budżetowych w Ghanie. W rzeczywistości, ze względu na jego mały udział, podatek
ten nie odgrywa znaczącej roli w dochodach budżetowych. Jednak udział lego źródła
w dochodach budżetowych jest, w porównaniu z innymi źródłami, stały. Artykuł wskazuje na
problemy będące przyczyną niskiego udziału podatku dochodowego...
Transformation of Polish economy required an adjusted tax system. The implemented
adjustments had a very broad scope. They affected both particular taxes as well as tax system
regulating act. The article attempts to evaluate adjustments introduced to the Polish tax system
and their aims. It starts by discussing these that modified taxes and the tax system in the
1990s against a backdrop of theoretical...
The following article presents the cooperation’s problems between banking and insurance
sectors. The Polish banking structure in the period of globalisation and adaptation to
European Union standards faces the influence of processes of competition on the part of
banks and other subjects traditionally present in the financial services market and those which,
as a part of expanding the traditional...
The article is about stages bind with leads process of emission municipal bonds in the
municipality. Discus bind emission activities and persons take participation in the activities.
The article is ended conclusions which point creature and all important stages of work and
persons that participate in it.
On the first place, the author describes the main aspects of vertical and horizontal
distribution of revenues. Secondly, a reader is acquainted with alternative forms of grants for
local self-government. Grant distribution systems have two dimensions: the method of determining
the size of the divisible pool and the method of determining the distribution among
local governments. The attention is...
Local authorities are responsible for serving needs of lheir inhabitants. They have to
maintain and invest in fixed assets to perform their duty and to assure the highest quality of
their services including social care system, public transport, road maintenance, electricity and
water supply, etc.
While choosing instruments which can be used to finance these services, local authorities
should...
Local governments (JST) remain in a centre of banks’ interest as good, reliable customers.
The banks’ policy in range to gain over communes as customers concerns on temporary
marketing actions, as well as the realization of far-reaching strategic purposes. The aim of
article is to present chances for banks in range of guiding out strategics on financial services
for the JST. There was an assumption...
The developed countries as well as Poland face negative economic and social problems
like unemployment, poverty, disability. This problems make governments seek new forms and
methods to alleviate them. It is the reason why new organizational forms of mix, hybride
character have been created. Social enterprise is one of them.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the scope of social enterprises...
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