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The emerging thin film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) membranes generally have better separation properties compared with their cellulose triacetate (CTA) counterparts. Nevertheless, their scaling performance has been rarely reported. In the current study, the phenomenon of membrane integrity loss as a result of scaling is reported for the first time for osmotically...
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is an osmotically-driven membrane process that can be used to harvest salinity-gradient power. The PRO performance (both water flux and power density) can be severely limited by membrane fouling. The current study, for the first time, investigates PRO scaling in a bench-scale pressurized system using calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) as a model scalant. In addition...
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