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A general, efficient, and green method for one-pot synthesis of functionalized spirooxindoles through three-component condensation reaction of isatins, cyclohexane-1,3-diones, and barbituric acids is described employing gluconic acid aqueous solution (GAAS) as a novel reaction medium and catalyst. The reaction medium could be recycled and reused several times without significant loss of its efficiency.
A direct and efficient approach for the preparation of pyrazolophthalazinyl spirooxindoles has been developed through one-pot three-component reaction of easily available isatin, malononitrile or cyanoacetic ester, and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by nickel chloride in polyethylene glycol 600. Desired products were obtained in high to excellent yields using a simple workup procedure.
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