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Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) envelope variation produces newly dominant quasispecies with each sequential disease cycle; new populations arise, and previous plasma quasispecies, including the original inoculum, become undetectable. The question remains whether these ancestral variants exist in tissue reservoirs or if the immune system eliminates quasispecies from persistent infections. To...
Pathogenicity was reportedly restored to an avirulent molecular clone of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) by substitution of 3' sequences from the pathogenic variant strain (EIAV PV ). However, the incidence of disease in horses/ponies was found to be significantly lower (P = 0.016) with the chimeric clone (EIAV UK ) than with EIAV PV . This was attributable...
Dynamic genomic variation resulting in changes in envelope antigenicity has been established as a fundamental mechanism of persistence by equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), as observed with other lentiviruses, including HIV-1. In addition to the reported changes in envelope sequences, however, certain studies indicate the viral LTR as a second variable EIAV gene, with the enhancer region being...
The long terminal repeat (LTR) is reported to be one of the most variable portions of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) genome. To date, however, no information is available on the effects of observed sequence variations on viral replication properties, despite a widespread assumption of the biological importance of EIAV LTR variation. EIAV LTR sequence variability is confined mostly to a...
Immunization regimens that induce a broadly reactive cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response specific for lentiviral antigens have emerged as the leading candidates in efficacy trials conducted in both animal modelshumans. To date, lentivirus vaccination strategies have overlooked one such immunization strategy, namely the use of particulate antigens. To evaluate the efficacy of targeting antigen into...
We have previously reported that immunization of ponies with a baculovirus-expressed recombinant surface unit envelope protein (rgp90) for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) resulted in enhancement of disease symptoms and virus replication in 4 of 4 vaccine recipients subjected to a heterologous virus challenge (rgp90 I vaccine trial) (Wanget al.,1994). To extend these studies of EIAV vaccine enhancement,...
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