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In this study, an inverse algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method and the discrepancy principle has been successfully applied to an irregular fin made of functionally graded materials to estimate the unknown base heat flux distributions by using temperatures at some measurement locations. The inverse results, in which three different base heat flux distributions are to be determined, have...
Humanity has been leveraging on natural resources to create things which enriched the diversity of cultural scenic sights. The development of human civilisation has resulted in the irreversible destruction of nature, and the most serious aspect of it is that the civilisation that humans have painstakingly built up is being destroyed by their own hands. Due to the excessive felling of trees by the...
Through interpretations on the Shuo wugoucheng jing (Sutra Explaining Undefiled Praise) translated by Xuanzang, and the Weimojie suoshuo jing (Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra) translated by Kumārajīva, along with references to relevant research by other scholars, this thesis aims to assess the observed differences in Xuanzang's and Kumārajīva's focus on the doctrines of Eight Consciousnesses or one mind...
Taiwan has now officially become “an ageing society.” Due to declining physical ability and health, seniors gradually become isolated from society both emotionally and physically. The recent decades have seen a rise in intergenerational (IG) programs which attempt to use the natural vigor of youth to brighten up and rejuvenate the spirit of the elderly population, and stimulate them to pass on their...
The author of the Treatise on the Awakening of Faith According to the Mahāyāna (the Treatise; Awakening of Faith) as well as its principle teachings aroused great controversies within Buddhist communities both in China and Japan during the twentieth century. After reviewing the disputed references and citations related to the Treatise's language, the present paper argues that the bulk of the focus...
The Heart Sūtra, recited easily by many people, has several translation versions. The main character of the sūtra was translated as Bodhisattva Guanshiyin (Bodhisattva Avalokitêśvara) and Bodhisattva Guanzizai by Dharma Masters Kumārajīva and Dharma Masters Xuanzang respectively. Although these two translations are literally different, are they truly different in meaning as well? Based on research...
Xuanzang was extremely knowledgeable. He traveled to India, obtained large number of Sītra and treatises back to China, translated them into the Chinese language, and propagated extensively the principle of Consciousness-Only. On the other hand, Huineng was said to be illiterate, nonetheless, he broadly advocated the lineage of the Chan tradition which focused on the notion of “not establishing words...
It is well known that AlN still maintains stable in the high temperature conditions. This is quite attracted for the electrical engineering. Moreover, the heat conduction of AlN is several times efficacious than the other ceramics. Hence, it is widely used for the heat dissipation. The green technology of composite with PCM is always worked as a constant temperature cooler. Therefore, PCM has been...
Both Chinese and foreign intellectuals and scholars highly revere Xuanzang's ideology of Consciousness-Only as well as its related genre of Yogācāra Buddhism and have dedicated considerable time and effort into related research. Moreover, beyond the value associated with its theory and principles, is the realistic value of Yogācāra. More specifically, the realistic value refers to the realization...
Digitisation is an important milestone in the development of cable television (TV). Cable TV system operators have invested abundant manpower and cost in building the digital head-end and network, researched and developed integrated digital set-top box and finally completed the installation of digital set-top boxes for households, before eventually achieving full digitalisation by shutting down all...
Brachial plexus injury can occur as a result of trauma, inflammation or complications associated with general anesthesia. Trauma may be a direct blow, traction or stretch injury between neck and shoulder damaging the plexus to varying degrees. The prognosis depends on the extent and site of injury as well as the surgical procedures. We herein report two cases of brachial plexus injury: one was brachial...
The Visual Arts Industry in Taiwan, including both production and services segments, like other cultural and creative industries in Taiwan, lack a consistent method in conducting statistical analysis. Thus, the estimated output value is not convincible nor conducive to be used as a reference during the formation of public policies. We are studying the output estimates of the Visual Arts Industry in...
This paper studies the economic and trade development in Central and Southern Asia during the early period of the Tang Dynasty. Using the field data in Xuanzang's the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, the industrial and economic development of the different regions of Central and Southern Asia are analyzed according to theories of economic development and trade patterns. This study reveals...
Xiyou ji (Journey to the West) is a novel based on the historical trip of Tripitaka Master Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty, describing his daunting pilgrimage to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures. Xiyou ji is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. The story contains abundant philosophical principles with underlying intentions of the author and has been widely interpreted with...
This paper examines the contents of the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions and relevant studies concerning this travelogue to investigate how Xuanzang's research methods, such as field studies, in-depth interviews, and objective narration, verify the authentic existence of the persons, events, and items of Central Asia and the India countries that are spoken of in Buddhist scriptures. Xuanzang's...
Taiwan's cultural performance and exhibition facilities industry still has considerable capacity for development. The public sector has the output estimate based on the combination of the output and input statistics together. In this case, the problem of duplicate calculation cannot be avoided and the resulting "all-encompassing" expenditure subsidy will not generate maximum economic benefit...
Taiwan possesses an efficient transportation system, an excellent living environment and rich cultural resources which are all conducive to the development of creative lifestyle industries. The average industry operator uses sales revenue or total turnover as a substitute for the output value of the industry which easily misleads the public sector in its policy formation and resource allocation decision-making...
Similar to other businesses in the cultural and creative industry, Taiwan's popularular music and cultural content industry also hit a bottleneck in its development. This is a common phenomenon for an emerging industry at its development stage; policy support and funding assistance from the public sector are required for its continuous development. As a result of industry business operators reporting...
Taiwan's advertising industry, just like other cultural creative industries, has hit a bottleneck during its growth. This is a common phenomenon encountered by emerging industries during their development stage. Hence, there is a need for public policy and funding from the public sectors to support and nurture them. However, as the output value of an industry is usually declared by the business operators...
Teachers and students of green technology and of the cultural and creative group from the Ph.D. Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Kun Shan University, Taiwan, have put together a study that focuses on the core issue that Taiwan public sector's reliance on the output value of the cultural and creative industries that are based on business turnover or sales revenue can potentially inflate...
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