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This paper presents a multi-bit, continuous time delta-sigma modulator with 20 MHz bandwidth implemented in 65nm CMOS for cellular communication. The modulator features a third order, single loop filter and a 4-bit internal quantizer operating at 640 MHz. The DACs are resistive for lower thermal noise compared to the current-steering DACs and nonreturn-to-zero DAC pulse is used to reduce the clock...
Based on the sinusoidal pulse width modulation technology and regular sampling method, the switching time points calculation formulas of tangent method and secant method are established. This paper analyses the precision of switching turn-on and turn-off time point, and compare these switching time points. Calculation results show that SPWM pulses generated by tangent method and secant method are...
With an external magnetic field, a relaxation process is observed when the light transmit through binary ferrofluids composed of ferrimagnetic CoFe 2 O 4 and paramagnetic p-NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles similar to ferrofluids consisting only of CoFe 2 O 4 . Since only the ferrimagnetic nanoparticles are able to form field-induced chainlike structures for...
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