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Influenza can cause cardiovascular abnormalities by inappropriately activating the coagulation cascade. Therefore, influenza vaccination is important because it decreases the risk of hospitalization for and mortality associated with heart disease. In particular, it reduces the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Our study aimed to estimate...
Researchers are currently involved in a strong effort to find a safe and effective vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. Toward that goal, we obtained soluble recombinant flagellin (FliC) of Salmonella typhimurium to be used as a mucosal adjuvant for H5HA subunit vaccine development. Intranasal immunization of H5HA antigen with recombinant FliC protein in an oil-in-water...
Many studies have investigated the association between Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and vaccinations during the influenza A H1N1 pandemic of 2009 (pH1N1). Based on a nationally representative sample, we estimated the incidence of GBS during the pandemic period in Korea.All medical records of GBS cases were reviewed in 28 randomly selected hospitals during 2008–2010, and the number of GBS cases at...
Influenza is a major concern across healthcare environments. Annual vaccination of healthcare workers (HCW) remains a key mode of influenza prevention in healthcare settings. Yet influenza vaccine coverage among HCWs continues to be below recommended targets, in pandemic and non-pandemic settings. Thus, the primary objective of this analysis is to identify motivators and barriers to pandemic (panINFLU)...
Measles–mumps–rubella–varicella (MMRV) vaccine is associated with increased febrile seizure risk compared with measles–mumps–rubella and varicella vaccine given separately (MMR+V) in children 12–15-month old. We assessed knowledge regarding MMRV and febrile seizures, intended practices, and factors influencing the decision to recommend MMRV.National survey administered 10/2008–1/2009 of US pediatricians...
Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious and the assembly of influenza VLPs depends on the interactions of M1 proteins and/or other viral surface proteins, such as HA, NA, and M2, with the cellular lipid membranes. In this study we propose that M2 protein can be used as a molecular fabricator without disrupting the assembly of VLPs and while retaining the native structures of HA and...
Availability of new rotavirus vaccines highlights the need to maintain and enhance rotavirus strain surveillance. We collected stool samples from children with gastroenteritis admitted to eight hospitals in South Korea from April 2005 to March 2007. Of the 6057 samples collected, 1337 (22%) were positive for rotavirus by one of several antigen detection assays. G and P genotypes were identified for...
To evaluate the efficacy of a multigenic vaccine and its protective immunity in the SIVmac239 challenge model, 12 rhesus macaques were divided into two groups. The vaccine group was intramuscularly immunized with multigenic DNA and recombinant adenovirus vaccine, while the control group received buffers. At 16 weeks after the last immunization, all macaques were challenged orally with pathogenic SIVmac239...
Current egg-based influenza vaccine production technology, which is labor intensive and slow, would not be able to meet demand during an influenza pandemic. Thus, interest in the emerging technology of using mammalian cells for vaccine production has been great. In this study, Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells using microcarrier culture systems were established to produce inactivated whole-virus...
The dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)/methotrexate (MTX) selection is a common method to conduct gene amplification in stable clones of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We previously reported the use of a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector targeted to the dhfr gene resulted in improving the intracellular antigen expression in gene-amplified stable CHO cells [Hong, W.W., Wu, S.C., 2007. A novel RNA silencing...
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)/methotrexate (MTX) gene amplification system are routinely used to generate stable producer CHO cell clones in biopharmaceutical industries. The present study proposes a novel method by the co-amplification of the silencing vector targeted to dhfr gene for improvements of selecting high-producing clones in dhfr-deficient and wild-type...
Developing an effective vaccine against enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection provides the best means to control the disease. We have previously reported that large-scale preparation of a low immunogenic EV71 strain can be achieved using serum free microcarrier Vero cell culture in a 2-l bioreactor [Wu SC, Liu CC, Lian WC. Optimization of microcarrier cell culture process for the inactivated enterovirus...
In this study, we investigated the ability of a multigenic SIV DNA prime/replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd/SIV) boost regimen to induce SIV-specific immune responses and protection against intrarectal challenge with SIVmac251 in rhesus macaques. Four rhesus macaques were immunized intramuscularly three times at 8-week intervals with SIV DNA vaccine and boosted once with rAd/SIV vaccine...
The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is important for vaccine development. A truncated S protein of the TW1 strain, S TR2 (88kDa), carrying three S fragments (S74–253, S294–739, and S1129–1255) was investigated to study the influences of intron and exon splicing enhancers to improve S TR2 protein expression in mammalian cells. Our results...
Oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) are strong adjuvants for humoral immune responses but data on cellular immune responses in primates are scarce. Rhesus macaque blood contained similar numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, the key sensors of CpG ODN, as human blood, and these cells were activated by CpG-A and CpG-B in vitro. In vivo, both ODNs induced equal plasma levels...
Filamentous phage display systems have been developed successfully to generate functional Fab antibody fragments. In this study, a recombinant Fab antibody fragment was successfully cloned from a murine monoclonal antibody 2H2 that can effectively neutralize Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in vitro. The recombinant Fab 2H2 antibody fragment expressed in Escherichia coli using the pComb3H phage vector...
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an enterovirus that could lead to severe neurological disorders and fatalities. The inactivated vaccine is an appropriate EV71 vaccine format for meeting current needs. Large-scale preparation of the inactivated EV71vaccine depends on a scalable cell culture system for industrial mass production. In this paper, Vero cells were found to produce higher titers of EV71 than did...
The E protein of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major antigen used to elicit neutralizing antibody response and protective immunity in hosts. In this study, the domain III protein of the attenuated strain CH2195LA was cloned to the pET32a expression vector and expressed as a thioredoxin (Trx) fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was unique in forming a large fraction...
It has been reported that co-delivery of IL-12 DNA with a DNA vaccine further enhances antigen (Ag)-specific protective immunity in pathogenic challenge models. However, the enhancing effects of antibody by IL-12 have been controversial. To clarify this issue, we constructed an IL-12 expression vector, co-immunized IL-12 DNA with an encephalomycocarditis virus (EMCV)-D VP1 plasmid vaccine, and then...
Vaccination with HIV-1 DNA sequences induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in experimental animals. However, these responses are relatively weak and are often only transient in their nature. In order to enhance the level of HIV-1 specific immunity, we have engineered HIV-1 DNA constructs which contained various cytokine genes such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony...
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