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Decisions must be made regarding screening and treatment strategies under budget constraints for chronic hepatitis C birth-cohorts in the U.S. A Markov model of disease progression is able to evaluate health utility gain using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for each strategy. Through conducting a simulation optimization algorithm, Probabilistic Branch and Bound (PBnB), we not only provide an...
The fairness concern was introduced into a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)with dominant retailer, the effect of retailer's fairness concern to the optimal decisions of players and channel were analyzed. The results show that the retailer's fairness concern will lead to the decrease of manufacturer's profit, while the increase of his own utility. The retailer's fairness concern is not always beneficial...
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are two commonly used personal care products. They may enter into aquatic environments after consumption and pose potential risks to aquatic organisms. We investigated the occurrence and fate of TCS and TCC in five large rivers (the Liao River, Hai River, Yellow River, Zhujiang River and Dongjiang River) in China, and compared the monitoring data with the predicted...
The formation of rod eutectic microstructure is investigated systematically in a succinonitrile–camphor alloy of eutectic composition by using the directional solidification technique. A new rod eutectic configuration is observed in which the rods form with elliptical cylindrical shape. Two different orientations of the ellipse are observed that differ by a 90° rotation such that the major and the...
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