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The goal of multimodal optimisation is to identify multiple desirable optima of a fitness landscape within a single run of an evolutionary algorithm. Typically, one must resort to niching methods to perform this task, and such methods often require the use of a niche radius to distinguish between optima. Typically, this niche radius is difficult to set, leading to suboptimal performance of niching...
During the evolution of solutions using genetic programming (GP) there is generally an increase in average tree size without a corresponding increase in fitness-a phenomenon commonly referred to as bloat. Although previously studied from theoretical and practical viewpoints there has been little progress in deriving controls for bloat which do not explicitly refer to tree size. Here, the use of spatial...
The evolution of a population is determined by many factors, including the geographic separation of individuals in the population (spatial structure), parent selection via assortative mating (biasing who breeds with whom), environmental gradients, founder effects, disturbance, selection, stochastic effects characterised as genetic drift and so on. Ultimately the interest in studying a population of...
We present the design for a phase-modulated opto electronic oscillator (OEO) that incorporates asymmetric Mach-Zehnder (AMZ) interferometers as phase demodulators together with PM modulation suppression. The new design promises to obtain in the electro-optical domain the low-noise advantages previously achieved in RF and microwave oscillators by the use of carrier suppression but which have been achieved...
This paper present design progress and subsystem test results for a new short-term frequency standard, the voltage controlled sapphire oscillator (VCSO). Included are sapphire resonator and coupling design, cryocooler environmental sensitivity tests, Q measurement results, and turnover temperature results. A previous report presented history of the design related to resonator frequency and frequency...
There is a need for an accurate knowledge of the length of the eye, for example for improved precision in the design and manufacture of optical lens implants and other opthalmic surgical procedures. The parameter itself is not readily determined, and the primary method in use at the moment in ultrasonography, which gives a direct estimate of the eye length. This is subject to a typical error, in normal...
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