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Following the eradication of wild poliovirus (PV), achieving and maintaining a polio-free status will require eliminating potentially pathogenic PV strains derived from the oral attenuated vaccine. For this purpose, a combination of non-cross-resistant drugs, such as small molecules and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), may be ideal. We previously isolated chimpanzee and human mAbs capable...
While our previous work has shown that replacing existing vaccines with thermostable vaccines can relieve bottlenecks in vaccine supply chains and thus increase vaccine availability, the question remains whether this benefit would outweigh the additional cost of thermostable formulations.Using HERMES simulation models of the vaccine supply chains for the Republic of Benin, the state of Bihar (India),...
Gavi recommends solar refrigerators for vaccine storage in areas with less than eight hours of electricity per day, and WHO guidelines are more conservative. The question remains: Can solar refrigerators provide value where electrical outages are less frequent?Using a HERMES-generated computational model of the Mozambique routine immunization supply chain, we simulated the use of solar versus electric...
Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellated protozoan that causes a sexually transmitted disease in cattle. Trichomonosis is characterized by early abortions, subfertility and a significant decrease in productivity. Vaccine preparations containing whole T. foetus can reduce the time of residence of the pathogen in the host cervix after experimental infection. Here, T. foetus vaccines prepared with different...
Populations and routine childhood vaccine regimens have changed substantially since supply chains were designed in the 1980s, and introducing new vaccines during the “Decade of Vaccine” may exacerbate existing bottlenecks, further inhibiting the flow of all vaccines.Working with the Mozambique Ministry of Health, our team implemented a new process that integrated HERMES computational simulation modeling...
There is a need for pregnancy safety information overall and for each seasonal formulation of the influenza vaccine.As part of the cohort arm of the Vaccines and Medications in Pregnancy Surveillance System, vaccine-exposed and unexposed women in the U.S. or Canada were recruited during pregnancy in the 2010–2014 vaccine seasons and followed to pregnancy outcome. For the four seasons combined, crude...
Immunization programs in low and middle income countries (LMICs) face numerous challenges in getting life-saving vaccines to the people who need them. As unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has progressed in recent years, potential use cases for UAVs have proliferated due to their ability to traverse difficult terrains, reduce labor, and replace fleets of vehicles that require costly maintenance...
To evaluate the potential impact and value of applications (e.g. adjusting ordering levels, storage capacity, transportation capacity, distribution frequency) of data from demand forecasting systems implemented in a lower-income country's vaccine supply chain with different levels of population change to urban areas.Using our software, HERMES, we generated a detailed discrete event simulation model...
As poliovirus eradication draws closer, alternative Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccines (IPV) are needed to overcome the risks associated with continued use of the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine and of neurovirulent strains used during manufacture of conventional (c) IPV. We have previously demonstrated the susceptibility of the PER.C6® cell line to cIPV strains; here we investigated the suspension cell culture...
Safety of vaccines can be compromised by contamination with adventitious agents. One potential source of adventitious agents is a vaccine seed, typically derived from historic clinical isolates with poorly defined origins. Here we generated synthetic poliovirus seeds derived from chemically synthesized DNA plasmids encoding the sequence of wild-type poliovirus strains used in marketed inactivated...
Tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) and influenza vaccination is recommended during each pregnancy but uptake is suboptimal. We evaluated knowledge and acceptance of vaccination recommendations among pregnant women.Prospective, convenience survey of pregnant women presenting for antenatal care at the Pavilion for Women, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, and their healthcare providers...
Wheeze is an important sign indicating a potentially severe adverse event in vaccine and drug trials, particularly in children. However, there are currently no consensus definitions of wheeze or associated respiratory compromise in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).To identify definitions and severity grading scales of wheeze as an adverse event in vaccine and drug RCTs enrolling children <5...
Many of the world's vaccine supply chains do not adequately provide vaccines, prompting several questions: how are vaccine supply chains currently structured, are these structures closely tailored to individual countries, and should these supply chains be radically redesigned?We segmented the 57 GAVI-eligible countries’ vaccine supply chains based on their structure/morphology, analyzed whether these...
While the size and type of a vaccine container (i.e., primary container) can have many implications on the safety and convenience of a vaccination session, another important but potentially overlooked consideration is how the design of the primary container may affect the distribution of the vaccine, its resulting cost, and whether the vial is ultimately opened.Using our HERMES software platform,...
To characterize groups of primary healthcare physicians according to sociodemographic data, years of professional experience and knowledge of and attitudes to influenza, and to evaluate differences between groups with respect to influenza vaccination in the 2011–2012 season.We carried out an anonymous web survey of Spanish primary healthcare physicians in 2012. Information on vaccination, and knowledge...
During the 2009 influenza pandemic both seasonal and 2009 pandemic vaccines were recommended. We conducted a randomized trial of monovalent 2009-H1N1 vaccine and seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) given sequentially or concurrently to adults.Adults randomized to 4 study groups and stratified by age (18–64 and ≥65 years) received 1 dose of seasonal IIV3 or placebo and 2 doses of...
New vaccine introductions have put strains on vaccine supply chains around the world. While increasing storage and transportation may be the most straightforward options, it is also important to consider what financial and operational benefits can be incurred. In 2012, suboptimal vaccine coverage and impending vaccine introductions prompted the Republic of Benin's Ministry of Health (MOH) to explore...
Adult vaccination coverage is low and current strategies are unlikely to achieve Healthy People 2020 targets. We determined the attitude of adult infant contacts toward recommended adult vaccines and their willingness to receive vaccines should they be available during hospital visits or prenatal or infant clinic appointments.Survey of predominantly Hispanic, underinsured and medically underserved...
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