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We present a repeatable process to produce millimeter-sized graphene device for quantum Hall resistance (QHR) standard. Our large-area, homogeneous monolayer graphene is grown on silicon carbide (SiC) substrate at high temperature by an optimized epitaxial method. Well-developed quantum Hall plateaus have been observed in devices fabricated from samples annealed at 1900 oC by a clean lithography process...
In this chapter, we will discuss the history of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) that includes four sections: atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry, AV reentry, atrial flutter (AFL), and atrial fibrillation (AF). We will focus on the historical evolution of the electrophysiologic study of the mechanism and the development of surgical and catheter ablation of these SVTs. We will also discuss potentially...
As different asynchronous protocol is selected for different function module design by its own advantages and disadvantages, protocol converter play an important role in ensuring the effective system-level communication. This paper proposes a new protocol and architecture for asynchronous protocol converter design. Meanwhile, circuit-level implementations of efficient two- and four-phase converters...
Epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) is used to fabricate Hall bar structures for metrological applications with a fabrication process that has been developed to eliminate organic chemical contamination of the graphene. Before any lithographic patterning a metal protection layer of 15 nm thickness is deposited on as-grown graphene. The protection layer on top of the Hall-bar area is etched by diluted fresh...
NMIJ/AIST and NIST are collaborating on the development of graphene-based quantized Hall resistance (QHR) devices. We formed graphene films on SiC(0001) substrates and processed the samples into Hall bar devices using the NIST clean room facility. The electronic transport properties have been observed at the NIST and NMIJ/AIST. We used two methods to control the Fermi level in the samples. One is...
This paper describes concepts and measurement techniques necessary for characterization of graphene in the development of graphene-based quantized Hall effect (QHE) devices and resistance standards. We briefly contrast the properties of graphene produced by three common processing methods and discuss the conditions necessary for well-developed resistance plateaus to be observed. Methods used to determine...
This paper proposes an asynchronous 12 × 12 -bit array multiplier. Firstly, we proposed a new asynchronous pipeline of which data processing and completion detection can be carried out simultaneously by applying multi-threshold semi-static NCL (MTSNCL) to asynchronous combinational logic. Sencondly, the pipeline is used for designing an asynchronous 12 × 12 -bit array multiplier. Finally, both the...
Traffic flow forecasting provides important information for both traffic control and traffic guidance. It should be both quick and accurate. A short-term traffic flow forecasting method is given based on the macroscopic urban traffic network model. The model is established to describe the substantial mechanism of traffic flow movement and the topology of the entire urban traffic network. It can simulate...
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