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Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a known risk factor for lung cancer in lifelong nonsmokers. However, the underlying mechanism of action of SHS in lung carcinogenesis remains elusive. We have investigated, using the 32 P-postlabeling assay, the genotoxic potential of SHS in vivo by determining the formation and kinetics of repair of DNA adducts in the lungs of mice exposed whole body to...
Sunlight ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation has been implicated in the etiology of human skin cancer. A genotoxic mode of action for UVA radiation has been suggested that involves photosensitization reactions giving rise to promutagenic DNA lesions. We investigated the mutagenicity of UVA in the lacI transgene in Big Blue mouse embryonic fibroblasts. UVA irradiation of these cells at a physiologically...
The different ultraviolet (UV) wavelength components, UVA (320–400nm), UVB (280–320nm), and UVC (200–280nm), have distinct mutagenic properties. A hallmark of UVC and UVB mutagenesis is the high frequency of transition mutations at dipyrimidine sequences containing cytosine. In human skin cancers, about 35% of all mutations in the p53 gene are transitions at dipyrimidines within the sequence 5′-TCG...
This review article summarizes our current knowledge on DNA damaging and mutagenic properties of acrylamide. Direct and indirect modes of interaction of acrylamide with DNA are discussed, and the resulting alkylating DNA adducts are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on glycidamide-DNA adducts generated via epoxidation of acrylamide presumably by cytochrome P4502E1. Dosimetry and mapping of acrylamide-induced...
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