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A double resonance model is applied to study the long term evolution of a Molniya orbit, which is highly elliptical (e⩾0.7), critically inclined (i≈63.4°), and in the state of the 2:1 mean motion resonance with the Earth rotation. The dynamics of a Molniya orbit can be divided into three kinds: short (12h), intermediate (several years) and long (several centuries) period motions, with the latter two...
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