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Complex interactions among components in the heterogeneous grinding have an influence on breakage and energy consumption characteristics of components in mixtures if compared with the single breakage. In this paper, a modified Hardgrove mill, with the addition of a power meter, is used to simulate the grinding process of vertical spindle pulverizer. Binary-component mixtures of coal and pyrite, or...
The pyrolysis of 14 coals with carbon contents (C%) of 67.5–94.9% are studied in the presence of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) at 440°C. The amounts of stable radicals in the coals and that generated in the pyrolysis are quantified by electron spin resonance (ESR). The amounts of active radicals generated in the pyrolysis are quantified by the amounts of hydrogen donated by DHP. The changes in quantity...
To achieve energy security in an environmentally benign way, China has to convert a significant fraction of its abundant coal resource to clean fuels (liquid fuels or synthetic natural gas, SNG) to meet the fast increasing demand on transportation fuel and municipal gas. Following the successful operation of the 4000bbl/d Yitai and Luan coal-to-liquids plants using the medium temperature Fischer Tropsch...
A process was proposed for upgrading heavy oil using non-thermal plasma technology in a conventional thermal cracking system under atmospheric pressure. Results from a comparison of the reactivity of a N 2 , H 2 and CH 4 plasma showed that the plasma can increase the trap oil yield significantly. The trap oil yield increased by ∼9% when the N 2 plasma was applied and...
The effects of manganese on the textural properties, bulk and surface phase compositions, reduction/carburization behaviors and surface basicity of an Fe–Mn–K/SiO 2 catalyst prepared from ferrous sulfate were investigated by N 2 physisorption, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H 2 (or CO) temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and CO 2 ...
A systematic study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ratio on reduction, carburization and catalytic behavior of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts promoted with potassium and copper. The catalysts were characterized by N 2 physical adsorption, CO 2 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), H 2 temperature-programmed...
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