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Shale oil samples were obtained from the pyrolysis of six Chinese representative oil shales obtained from different locations and were divided into <300°C and >300°C fractions according to their boiling points. Chinese shale oils were similar in their high atomic H/C ratio. Huadian shale oil possessed the lowest density and viscosity. <300°C fractions of shale oils were subjected to acidic/basic...
Structural features of >300°C fractions of six Chinese shale oils, namely the Huadian, Wangqing, Fushun, Longkou, Maoming and Yaojie oil, have been characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared techniques. Based upon the results obtained from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, the distribution of various...
Three groups of ZrO2–TiO2–Al2O3 catalysts with and without Pt addition were prepared to comparatively investigate the coke performance during pyrolysis of supercritical methylcyclohexane at 650°C and 4.0MPa. From the data of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, it was observed that the contents of alkenes in liquid products over Pt-loaded catalysts have higher values than those on pure supports....
The organic–inorganic hybrid catalysts, namely [GlyH]xH3−xPW12O40 (x=1.0–3.0), prepared by mixing varied amounts of glycine (Gly) and tungstophosphoric acid (TPA), were characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as TGA, XRD, FT-IR, and 1H and 13C NMR. In particular, their acidic properties were probed by solid-state 31P MAS NMR of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide. The...
Binary NiMo, CoMo, NiW, and CoW transition-metal oxide catalyst precursors, were synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction, and highly-loaded hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts were prepared by mixing the precursors with an alumina gel, calcination and sulfidation. The transition-metal oxide catalyst precursors and highly-loaded sulfide catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption,...
A series of nickel–copper–molybdenum catalyst precursors was synthesized through chemical precipitation method, and highly loaded catalysts were prepared by mixing the precursors with alumina sol. The nickel–copper–molybdenum catalysts were tested in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the model compound 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) diesel. The catalysts...
The reactivity of different groups of olefins and S-compounds, as well as the inhibition effect of H 2 S on the reactivities of these groups were evaluated with a FCC gasoline over a CoMoS/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The results demonstrated that the various degrees of steric hindrance around the double bond (CC) and of the thiophene molecules suppressed the hydrogenation (HYD) of...
As a promising alternative fuel, biobutanol, i.e. n-butanol, can be utilized to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. In this work, the HCCI operation was achieved by the negative valve overlap strategy through variable exhaust and intake valve timing and lift devices on a single cylinder port fuel...
Biobutanol, i.e. n-butanol, is a promising alternative fuel or fuel blend to gasoline to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel and carbon dioxide emissions from spark ignition (SI) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), also known as controlled autoignition (CAI), engines. In this work, investigation was conducted on a single cylinder port fuel injection four-stroke HCCI/CAI engine fuelled...
Presulfided CoMoS/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts with sharp and deep eggshell concentration profiles of Co and Mo were prepared by a simple method and their properties were characterized by EDS, HRTEM, and FT-IR techniques. It was found that the Co eggshell thickness of the as-prepared catalysts could be conveniently regulated by controlled evaporation depth of the pre-soaked n-decane in the...
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