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Over the last 60 years changes to the management of species-rich mesotrophic grasslands have resulted in the large-scale loss and degradation of this habitat across Europe. Restoration of such grasslands on agriculturally improved pastures provides a potentially valuable approach to the conservation of these threatened areas. Over a four-year period a replicated block design was used to test the effects...
. A series of field and laboratory experiments were conducted to examine whether natural levels of insect herbivory affect the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization of two plant species. The plant species were the highly mycorrhizal (mycotrophic) Plantago lanceolata, which suffers small amounts of insect damage continuously over a growing season and the weakly mycorrhizal (non-mycotrophic) Senecio jacobaea...
AbstractSuccession is one of the most studied processes in ecology and succession theory provides strong predictability. However, few attempts have been made to influence the course of succession thereby testing the hypothesis that passing through one stage is essential before entering the next one. At each stage of succession ecosystem processes may be affected by the diversity of species present,...
Abstract We report results from a continuing, long-term field experiment addressing biotic responses to climatic change in grasslands. We focus on effects of summer precipitation (enhanced rainfall, drought, control) and winter ground temperatures (warming, control) on growth, reproduction and herbivory in St Johns wort, Hypericum perforatum L. Both winter warming and summer rainfall regimes modified...
Abstract It has long been argued that seed dispersal enhances recruitment in tropical trees by allowing offspring to `escape strong density/distance-dependent attack by insects, pathogens and rodents. Here we examined the effects of canopy openness and parent-offspring distance upon the frequency and timing of Chlorocardium rodiei seed attack and germination within a 15-ha plot of Guyanan tropical...
Abstract Two generations of two aphid species (Myzus ascalonicus and M. persicae) were reared on Plantago lanceolata plants, with and without root colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices. Life history traits of the aphids measured were nymphal development time, teneral adult weight, growth rate, total fecundity, adult longevity and duration of post-reproductive life...
Abstract Root demographic processes (birth and death) were measured using minirhizotrons in the soil warming experiments at the summit of Great Dun Fell, United Kingdom (845m). The soil warming treatment raised soil temperature at 2cm depth by nearly 3C. The first experiment ran for 6months (1994), the second for 18 (19951996). In both experiments, heating increased death rates for roots, but birth...
AbstractWe have measured the rates of root production and death and of root respiration in situ under two grasslands along an altitudinal gradient in the northern Pennines, UK, represented by a lowland site at 171m in an agricultural setting, and three upland sites between 480 and 845m. One grassland was dominated by Festuca ovina and was on a brown earth soil; the other was dominated by Juncus squarrosus...
AbstractThe effects of, and interactions between, insect root feeders, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil fertility on the establishment, growth and reproduction of Vicia sativa and V. hirsuta (Fabaceae) were investigated in an early-successional grassland community. Seeds of both species were sown into plots where soil insecticide (Dursban 5G), soil fungicide (Rovral) and soil fertiliser...
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