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In this study, the efficiency and beam quality deteriorations in double-cladding fiber (DCF) amplifiers induced by core misalignment of series fusion splices are investigated. The losses of guide modes and power conversions between fundamental mode and high order modes (HOM) are well described according to mode coupling theory. Furthermore, a typical fiber amplifier with three fusion splices and bending...
A very compact Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) composed of two parallel straight waveguides with left-handed material (LHM) layers is proposed. The operating principle and characteristics of the MZI with electro-optic material (EOM) core are analyzed by using the supermode theory and coupled mode theory. The result shows that regardless of material loss, a very compact MZI of only 0.87mm×0.022mm...
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