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Since for granulation processes the crusher operation has a decisive influence on the system stability, a reliable mathematical model to represent an industrial double-roll crusher of a urea granulation circuit is provided in this work. The crusher was described by the model given by Austin et al. [Austin L.G., Van Orden D.R., Perez J.W. A Preliminary Analysis of Smooth Roll Crushers, International...
The reforming units are basically furnaces containing burners (which provide a large amount of heat by fuel combustion) and tubes packed with supported nickel catalyst. Due to the high heat input through the reformer tube wall and the endothermic reforming reactions, the catalyst tubes are exposed to significant axial and radial temperature gradients. For this reason, a two-dimensional mathematical...
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