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Rutile-type TiO 2 rods were grown on glass substrates through heterogeneous nucleation in TiCl 3 aqueous solutions at low temperatures of 80 or 200°C under hydrothermal conditions. The reaction temperature of 80°C led to the initial formation of self-assembled nanoneedles 5nm in diameter, which further grew into needle-like rutile rods 500nm in length by prolonging a reaction period...
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