The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Oxidized cholesterol metabolite 27‐hydroxycholesterol (27‐OH) is a potential link between hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases since unlike peripheral cholesterol, 27‐OH is transported across the blood–brain barrier. However, the effects of high 27‐OH levels on oligodendrocyte function remain unexplored. We hypothesize that during hypercholesterolemia 27‐OH may impact oligodendrocytes...
The discovery of cannabinoid receptors as the primary molecular targets of psychotropic cannabinoid Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) in late 1980s paved the way for investigations on the effects of cannabis‐based therapeutics in brain pathology. Ever since, a wealth of results obtained from studies on human tissue samples and animal models have highlighted a promising therapeutic potential of cannabinoids...
Promoting remyelination is considered as a potential neurorepair strategy to prevent/limit the development of permanent neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To this end, a number of clinical trials are investigating the potential of existing drugs to enhance oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation, a process that fails in chronic MS lesions. We previously...
Cover Illustration: Tetrahydrocannabinol administration at early postnatal ages to CNP‐mGFP mice increases mature myelinating oligodendrocyte cell density in the developing white matter. CNP (2′,3′‐Cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase; green) and MAG (myelin‐associated glycoprotein; red). (See Huerga‐Gómez, A. et al, https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.23911.)
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main bioactive compound found in the plant Cannabis sativa, exerts its effects by activating cannabinoid receptors present in many neural cells. Cannabinoid receptors are also physiologically engaged by endogenous cannabinoid compounds, the so‐called endocannabinoids. Specifically, the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol has been highlighted as an important modulator...
Mitochondrial fission mediated by cytosolic dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) is essential for mitochondrial quality control but may contribute to apoptosis as well. Blockade of Drp1 with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi‐1) provides neuroprotection in several models of neurodegeneration and cerebral ischemia and has emerged as a promising therapeutic drug. In oligodendrocytes, overactivation...
In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is a promising tool for the imaging evaluation of neurologic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of α7 nAChRs after brain diseases such as cerebral ischemia and its involvement in inflammatory reaction is still largely unknown. In vivo and ex vivo evaluation of α7 nAChRs expression after...
Stimulated by the results of a recent paper on the effects of tiagabine, a selective inhibitor of the main GABA transporter GAT‐1, on oligodendrogenesis, we verified the possibility that GAT‐1 may be expressed in oligodendrocytes using immunocytochemical methods and functional assays. Light microscopic analysis of the subcortical white matter of all animals revealed the presence of numerous GAT‐1+...
The cystine/glutamate antiporter is a membrane transport system responsible for the uptake of extracellular cystine and release of intracellular glutamate. It is the major source of cystine in most cells, and a key regulator of extrasynaptic glutamate in the CNS. Because cystine is the limiting factor in the biosynthesis of glutathione, and glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter, the cystine/glutamate...
The endocannabinoids 2‐araquidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) and anandamide (AEA) are bioactive lipids crucially involved in the regulation of brain function in basal and pathological conditions. Blockade of endocannabinoid metabolism has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, including myelin disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, the...
Ischemic pathologies of white matter (WM) include a large proportion of stroke and developmental lesions while multiple sclerosis (MS) is the archetype nonischemic pathology. Growing evidence suggests other important diseases including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders also involve a significant WM component. Axonal, oligodendroglial, and astroglial damage proceed via distinct mechanisms...
White matter (WM) tracts are bundles of myelinated axons that provide for rapid communication throughout the CNS and integration in grey matter (GM). The main cells in myelinated tracts are oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, with small populations of microglia and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. The prominence of neurotransmitter signaling in WM, which largely exclude neuronal cell bodies, indicates...
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, responds to brain disarrangements by becoming activated to contend with brain damage. Here we show that the expression of P2X4 receptors is upregulated in inflammatory foci and in activated microglia in the spinal cord of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as well as in the optic nerve of multiple sclerosis...
Adenosine receptor activation is involved in myelination and in apoptotic pathways linked to neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of adenosine receptor activation in the viability of oligodendrocytes of the rat optic nerve. Selective activation of A3 receptors in pure cultures of oligodendrocytes caused concentration‐dependent apoptotic and necrotic death which was...
Dyshomeostasis of cytosolic Zn2+ is a critical mediator of neuronal damage during excitotoxicity. However, the role of this cation in oligodendrocyte pathophysiology is not well understood. The current study examined the contribution of Zn2+ deregulation to oligodendrocyte injury mediated by AMPA receptors. Oligodendrocytes loaded with the Zn2+‐selective indicator FluoZin‐3 responded to mild stimulation...
Much of the cell death following episodes of anoxia and ischemia in the mammalian central nervous system has been attributed to extracellular accumulation of glutamate and ATP, which causes a rise in [Ca2+]i, loss of mitochondrial potential, and cell death. However, restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation are frequently associated with exacerbation of tissue injury (the oxygen paradox). Herein...
Heavy marijuana use has been linked to white matter histological alterations. However, the impact of cannabis constituents on oligodendroglial pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the in vitro effects of cannabidiol, the main nonpsychoactive marijuana component, on oligodendrocytes. Exposure to cannabidiol induced an intracellular Ca2+ rise in optic nerve oligodendrocytes...
Brain ischemia leading to stroke is a major cause of disability in developed countries. Therapeutic strategies have most commonly focused on protecting neurons from ischemic damage. However, ischemic damage to white matter causes oligodendrocyte death, myelin disruption, and axon dysfunction, and it is partially mediated by glutamate excitotoxicity. We have previously demonstrated that oligodendrocytes...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.