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Titanium oxide (TiO2) was a commonly used anti-reflection coating (ARC) in the past, but has been displaced by silicon nitride (SiNx) due to its ability to both passivate n+ emitters and provide the appropriate optical properties required for effective ARCs (refractive index, transparency, stability over time). However, with growing interest in n-type wafers, which feature p+ emitters, and the inability...
One promising path to a reduced cost of crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaics (PV) is to increase silicon usage efficiency by using thinner wafers. Many challenges arise when transitioning to thin wafer cells, including increased surface recombination at the rear side of the cell, increased wafer bowing, and a reduction in optical absorption due to a decreased optical path length within the silicon...
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