R.M. Warwick

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Can biotic indicators distinguish between natural and anthropogenic environmental stress in estuaries?

J.R. Tweedley, R.M. Warwick, I.C. Potter

Journal of Sea Research > 2015 > 102 > C > 10-21

Because estuaries are naturally stressed, due to variations in salinity, organic loadings, sediment stability and oxygen concentrations over both spatial and temporal scales, it is difficult both to set baseline reference conditions and to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic environmental stresses. This contrasts with the situation in marine coastal and offshore locations. A very large benthic...

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Assessing the conservation status of marine habitats: thoughts from a sandflat on the Isles of Scilly

R.M. Warwick, P.J. Somerfield

Journal of Sea Research > 2015 > 98 > Complete > 109-119

Statutory monitoring of the fauna of the ‘mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide’ biotope complex on St Martin's Flats, a part of the Isles of Scilly Complex Special Area of Conservation, was undertaken in 2000, 2004 and 2009. The targets set by Natural England for “characteristic biotopes” were that “composite species, abundance and diversity should not deviate significantly from...

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The use of benthic macroinvertebrates to establish a benchmark for evaluating the environmental quality of microtidal, temperate southern hemisphere estuaries

J.R. Tweedley, R.M. Warwick, F.J. Valesini, M.E. Platell, more

Marine Pollution Bulletin > 2012 > 64 > 6 > 1210-1221

Establishment of a benchmark against which deleterious changes to an estuary can be evaluated requires validating that it has not been subjected to detrimental anthropogenic perturbations and then identifying the biological features which are indicative of a pristine condition and can thus be employed as indicators for detecting and monitoring departures from the natural state. The characteristics...

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The characteristics of the nematode faunas in subtidal sediments of a large microtidal estuary and nearshore coastal waters differ markedly

M. Hourston, I.C. Potter, R.M. Warwick, F.J. Valesini

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science > 2011 > 94 > 1 > 68-76

The present study examines traditional paradigms regarding the differences between faunas in estuaries vs coastal waters. The ecological characteristics of the free-living nematode faunas of nearshore, subtidal sediments in downstream and upstream areas of the large, microtidal Swan River Estuary are compared with those similarly recorded seasonally in subtidal sediments along an adjacent part of...

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Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of environmental deterioration in a large microtidal estuary

M.D. Wildsmith, T.H. Rose, I.C. Potter, R.M. Warwick, more

Marine Pollution Bulletin > 2011 > 62 > 3 > 525-538

This study tested the hypothesis that, during recent years, the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of the large basin of the Swan-Canning Estuary has changed in ways consistent with deteriorating environmental conditions in that estuary. Between 1986/7 and 2003/4, the compositions of that fauna altered markedly at the species and even family levels. Thus, the densities and number of species of molluscs,...

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The structure and functioning of the benthic macrofauna of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary, with predicted effects of a tidal barrage

R.M. Warwick, P.J. Somerfield

Marine Pollution Bulletin > 2010 > 61 > 1-3 > 92-99

The severity of the physical regime in the hypertidal Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel decreases in intensity in the seaward direction. As a result, the diversity of benthic macrofaunal species is very low in the Estuary and Inner Channel, but is still relatively low in the Outer Channel compared with more benign conditions elsewhere in the UK. Nevertheless, the taxonomic spread of species (taxonomic...

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Changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of a large microtidal estuary following extreme modifications aimed at reducing eutrophication

M.D. Wildsmith, T.H. Rose, I.C. Potter, R.M. Warwick, more

Marine Pollution Bulletin > 2009 > 58 > 9 > 1250-1262

An artificial channel was opened in 1994 between the microtidal Peel–Harvey Estuary and the Indian Ocean to increase tidal exchange and thus ameliorate the problems of eutrophication. Although this greatly reduced macroalgal and cyanobacterial growths and the amount of particulate organic matter, our data indicate that, contrary to managerial expectations, the benthic environment has deteriorated...

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Spatial and seasonal variations in the ecological characteristics of the free-living nematode assemblages in a large microtidal estuary

M. Hourston, I.C. Potter, R.M. Warwick, F.J. Valesini, more

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science > 2009 > 82 > 2 > 309-322

This study has determined the ways in which the density, number of species, species composition and trophic structure of free-living nematode assemblages in the subtidal waters of a large southern hemisphere microtidal estuary change spatially and seasonally, and has explored whether those four biotic characteristics are related to certain environmental factors. Based on data derived from samples...

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All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others

R.M. Warwick, P.J. Somerfield

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology > 2008 > 366 > 1-2 > 184-186

If the number of animal species is to be used as a measure of ‘biodiversity’, or if distributions of species among taxa of higher rank are to be used to infer evolutionary or ecological patterns, then we need to know whether animal phyla are consistently subdivided in such a way that each species represents an equal division of life's diversity. It is widely assumed, intuitively, that the traditional...

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Mycobacteria and allograft heart valve banking: an international survey

R.M. Warwick, J.G. Magee, J.P. Leeming, J.C. Graham, more

Journal of Hospital Infection > 2008 > 68 > 3 > 255-261

Since the 1970s many tissue banks have been testing allograft heart valves (HVs) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Donor selection for low risk of tuberculosis (TB) was introduced in the 1980s and appears to have reduced the risk of TB transmission. Regulatory guidance does not specify testing for TB, but does exclude donors with a recent history of TB. This survey of HV international bank practices...

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Ecological consequences of dredged material disposal in the marine environment: A holistic assessment of activities around the England and Wales coastline

S.G. Bolam, H.L. Rees, P. Somerfield, R. Smith, more

Marine Pollution Bulletin > 2006 > 52 > 4 > 415-426

This study provides a holistic perspective on the ecological effects of dredged material disposal, both intertidally and subtidally. A number of numerical techniques (univariate, distributional, multivariate and meta-analysis) were used to assess impacts at 18 different disposal sites. The analyses revealed that ecological effects associated with dredged material disposal were dependent on the numerical...

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The integral structure of a benthic infaunal assemblage

R.M. Warwick, S.L. Dashfield, P.J. Somerfield

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology > 2006 > 330 > 1 > 12-18

It has been suggested that the scaling relationships of many features of the physical environment and biological traits are fractal-like, but for the marine benthic infauna certain aspects of the environment clearly are not. These include temporal features such as the cycles of annual climate, primary production and tides, and also some spatial features such as sediment granulometry and the size of...

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Relative impacts at sites of dredged-material relocation in the coastal environment: a phylum-level meta-analysis approach

P.J. Somerfield, M. Atkins, S.G. Bolam, K.R. Clarke, more

Marine Biology > 2006 > 148 > 6 > 1231-1240

Phylum-level meta-analysis was applied to 192 samples from a variety of dredgings disposal and relocation sites around the coast of England and Wales. No consistent relationship was found between the disturbance status of macrobenthic communities within disposal sites and the nature or amount of dredgings disposed. Differences between samples within and outside disposal sites were generally smaller...

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To what extent are the characteristics of nematode assemblages in nearshore sediments on the west Australian coast related to habitat type, season and zone?

M. Hourston, R.M. Warwick, F.J. Valesini, I.C. Potter

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science > 2005 > 64 > 4 > 601-612

This study has determined the ways in which the characteristics of the nematode assemblages in nearshore marine waters along the microtidal lower west coast of Australia are influenced by habitat type, time of year and shore-perpendicular zones. The habitat types (1, 2 and 6), which had previously been identified on the basis of a suite of enduring environmental characteristics, could be broadly described...

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Bryozoan biodiversity in the New Zealand region and implications for marine conservation

A.A. Rowden, R.M. Warwick, D.P. Gordon

Biodiversity and Conservation > 2004 > 13 > 14 > 2695-2721

Marine biodiversity and its distribution in the New Zealand region were determined using historical data for an appropriate indicator taxon, the Bryozoa. Bryozoans were identified as belonging to three communities, termed Intertidal/Shelf/Slope (ISS) and Deep-Sea 1 and 2 (DS1 and DS2). Biodiversity was assessed using measures based on relatedness of species, average taxonomic distinctness and variation...

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Recovery of soft sediment communities and habitats following physical disturbance

K.M. Dernie, M.J. Kaiser, E.A. Richardson, R.M. Warwick

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology > 2003 > 285-286 > Complete > 415-434

Physical disturbance in soft sediment habitats disrupts the sediment structure and can lead to the death or emigration of resident biota. Current methods used to quantify the response of benthic assemblages to physical disturbance are time consuming and expensive, requiring the analysis of a time series of samples to ascertain the time taken for a disturbed area to converge on a condition similar...

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Death assemblages of molluscs on St Martin's Flats, Isles of Scilly: a surrogate for regional biodiversity?

R.M. Warwick, J. Light

Biodiversity and Conservation > 2002 > 11 > 1 > 99-112

We test the hypothesis that the biodiversity of the death assemblage of shelled molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) on a single sandflat is representative of the biodiversity of the regional living fauna from the complete spectrum of habitat types, and can therefore be used as a surrogate for the purposes of rapid biodiversity assessment. Two biodiversity indices considered appropriate for such an...

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Evidence for the Effects of Metal Contamination on the Intertidal Macrobenthic Assemblages of the Fal Estuary

R.M. Warwick

Marine Pollution Bulletin > 2001 > 42 > 2 > 145-148

The intertidal invertebrate macrofauna of five creeks in the Fal estuarine system, Cornwall, UK, is compared with data from 40 locations in six other estuaries in south-west Britain. Multivariate analysis shows that the community composition in the Fal is distinct from all the other estuaries. The differences are principally due to the absence of two crustacean species, Corophium volutator and Cyathura...

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The Banking of Arterial Allografts in the United Kingdom. A Technical and Clinical Review

M.C. Wusteman, D.E. Pegg, R.M. Warwick

Cell and Tissue Banking > 2000 > 1 > 4 > 295-301

The standard graft materials for reconstructive vascular surgery are autologous vessels and synthetic prostheses. However, the clinical results are unsatisfactory when the diameter of the required graft is less than 6 mm and attention has therefore been directed to the possibility of using vascular allografts when autologous conduits are not available. In this review, we consider the evidence that...

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Bioturbation as a mechanism for setting and maintaining levels of diversity in subtidal macrobenthic communities

S. Widdicombe, M.C. Austen, M.A. Kendall, R.M. Warwick, more

Hydrobiologia > 2000 > 440 > 1-3 > 369-377

Over 2 years, experiments were conducted to compare the effects of sediment disturbance by different bioturbating, macrofaunal organisms on the diversity and structure of the associated infaunal community. The four species investigated were the bivalves Nuculoma tenuis (Montagu, 1808) and Abra alba (Wood, 1802), the heart urchin Brissopsis lyrifera (Forbes, 1841), and the burrowing decapod Calocaris macandreae...

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Search results for: R.M. Warwick

Can biotic indicators distinguish between natural and anthropogenic environmental stress in estuaries?

Assessing the conservation status of marine habitats: thoughts from a sandflat on the Isles of Scilly

The use of benthic macroinvertebrates to establish a benchmark for evaluating the environmental quality of microtidal, temperate southern hemisphere estuaries

The characteristics of the nematode faunas in subtidal sediments of a large microtidal estuary and nearshore coastal waters differ markedly

Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of environmental deterioration in a large microtidal estuary

The structure and functioning of the benthic macrofauna of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary, with predicted effects of a tidal barrage

Changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of a large microtidal estuary following extreme modifications aimed at reducing eutrophication

Spatial and seasonal variations in the ecological characteristics of the free-living nematode assemblages in a large microtidal estuary

All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others

Mycobacteria and allograft heart valve banking: an international survey

Ecological consequences of dredged material disposal in the marine environment: A holistic assessment of activities around the England and Wales coastline

The integral structure of a benthic infaunal assemblage

Relative impacts at sites of dredged-material relocation in the coastal environment: a phylum-level meta-analysis approach

To what extent are the characteristics of nematode assemblages in nearshore sediments on the west Australian coast related to habitat type, season and zone?

Bryozoan biodiversity in the New Zealand region and implications for marine conservation

Recovery of soft sediment communities and habitats following physical disturbance

Death assemblages of molluscs on St Martin's Flats, Isles of Scilly: a surrogate for regional biodiversity?

Evidence for the Effects of Metal Contamination on the Intertidal Macrobenthic Assemblages of the Fal Estuary

The Banking of Arterial Allografts in the United Kingdom. A Technical and Clinical Review

Bioturbation as a mechanism for setting and maintaining levels of diversity in subtidal macrobenthic communities

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