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Replacement degree of the Al3+ and Cr/V ratio in emeralds from Malipo, Yunnan, China, was studied using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The IR spectra of Malipo emerald samples indicated the presence of two types of H2O, types...
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