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In dynamic analysis with explicit time integration schemes, a lumped mass matrix (LMM) is preferable, because LMM can avoid solving the large scale simultaneous algebraic equations. Mathematically rigorous mass lumping schemes, such as the mass lumping by nodal quadrature and the row-sum technique, are applicable to only linear or bilinear elements. For higher-order elements, such as 8-node serendipity...
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