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According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, children from the ages of 6 to 12 should be getting 9–12 hours of sleep every night (Paruthi et al., 2016). However, many children are not getting enough sleep. The National Survey of Children's Health found that 38.4% of 6–12‐year‐olds in the United States had short sleep duration according to parental report (Wheaton & Claussen, 2021). This...
Sleep deficiencies (e.g., insufficient sleep, irregular timing of sleep, poor quality of sleep) in childhood are highly prevalent and have consistently been shown to negatively impact both physical and mental health. Adverse outcomes of childhood sleep deficiencies include higher rates of obesity, depression, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation (Palmer et al., 2023). Importantly, research has shown...
Adolescence is a developmental period in which individuals demonstrate increased likelihood of engaging in disordered eating and risk‐taking behaviors, such as substance use. Nicotine use, in particular, (e.g., via vaping, combustible cigarettes, smokeless tobacco) is pervasive among middle and high school students. In 2022, 17.4% of middle school and high school students reported current nicotine...
When the term “adversity” is used in a clinical context, it refers to a range of negative experiences such as abuse, neglect, poverty, bullying, or parental psychopathology. It is well‐studied how adversity experienced early in childhood is associated with negative outcomes in adulthood; researchers have demonstrated connections between childhood adversity and poorer immune health, dysfunction in...