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Short-circuiting, which occurs when a large fraction of water traveling through a system exits well before the residence time, reduces the performance of constructed treatment wetlands. Recent field and laboratory observations have shown that short-circuiting within vegetated marsh areas results from narrow, continuous fast flowpaths that experience longitudinal dispersion but do not exchange fluid...
Transverse deep zones are often included in treatment wetlands due to an expectation that they can improve contaminant removal by these natural systems. This paper explores the hydraulic behavior of deep zones to provide a better understanding of their potential benefit. First, we use a bench-scale model to show that recirculation within a deep zone is likely under field conditions. Recirculation...
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