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Risk estimates for lightning faults make use of log-normal distributions for lightning characteristics such as peak current. Simplifications for highly correlated parameters, notably peak current and rate of current rise, justify use of equivalent front time of 2 µs in backflashover calculations for first negative return strokes. The transmission line backflashover rate is also affected by uncorrelated...
Demonstrated long-term electrical reliability of overhead transmission line surge arresters (TLSA) must now be matched by improved mechanical reliability of the installations. The choice of configuration, including externally gapped (EGLA) and non-gapped (NGLA) designs, as well as the mounting arrangements, affects the applied stresses. NGLA suspended from conductors have pendulum frequencies and...
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