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Several hypotheses suggest some influence of earth resistivity and structure ground resistance on lightning parameters. Some apparent effects are indeed observed using radiated fields measured in lightning location systems (LLS), especially in areas of high resistivity adjacent to low resistivity. A selected set of observations can be tested against the various theories. Introduction of frequency-dependent...
A single, simplified, and general model for the resistance of solid or wire-frame electrodes offers insight into the performance improvements that can be expected when additional electrode components are added in parallel. This model separates the geometric and contact resistance terms $R_\mathrm{Geometric}$ and $R_{\mathrm{Contact}}$. For solid and wire-frame electrodes, $R_{\mathrm{Geometric}}$...
A transient injection method was used to simultaneously measure the time variation of footing impedance and soil resistivity on a series of 345-kV steel pole towers. For each tower, the ratio of transient resistivity to impedance, giving an effective tower perimeter, reached an asymptote by 500 ns. The soil resistivity estimates were log-normally distributed with natural log standard deviation of...
Improved grounding can be a cost-effective method to improve power quality by reducing the number of lightning flashovers on shielded overhead transmission lines. Improvements can be valued against benchmark values of cost per avoided customer momentary dip. Effectiveness of improvements can vary widely because the local soil resistivity varies with a wide statistical distribution. A portable impulse...
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