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To test the possibility that stimulation over the foramen magnum activates ascending tracts as well as descending tracts, we studied 4 patients with myoclonic epilepsy all of whom had enhanced cortical long loop reflexes (LLRs) and 10 normal subjects, using our previously reported method (Ugawa et al., Ann. Neurol., 1994, 36: 618-624). For latency comparisons, peripheral nerve stimulation at the...
We applied magnetic stimulation of the corticospinal tract at the foramen magnum level to 19 patients with various neurological disorders. Results were consistent with our previous speculation that activation occurs at the foramen magnum level. This method was clinically useful for the following conditions. (1) Detection of subclinical lesion: one patient who had transient ischemic attack that...
To investigate the mechanisms underlying the facilitation of responses to motor cortical stimulation produced by tonic voluntary contraction, we studied the facilitatory effects in 7 normal volunteers during different levels of muscle contraction. Responses were similarly facilitated by voluntary contraction with 3 forms of stimulation: magnetic cortical, electrical cortical, and foramen magnum level...
The primate motor cortex consists of efferent zones which receive sensory information from a portion of limb in close anatomical relation to the muscle to which they project. To investigate a similar input-output relation in humans, we studied the effect of tactile stimuli on the size of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation. For tactile stimuli...
We applied magnetic stimulation of the corticospinal tract at the foramen magnum level to 19 patients with various neurological disorders. This magnetic stimulation method activated the affected corticospinal tract as does electrical stimulation, but with less discomfort. The results were consistent with our speculation that activation occurs at the foramen magnum level. This method was clinically...
Spontaneous muscle jerks appeared in the left arm muscles a half year after the episode of Russian spring summer encephalitis (RSSE) in a 38-yr-old woman. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) showed small spikes on the right hemisphere which sometimes associated with the jerks. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) analysis disclosed that most of these spikes originated from the right motor cortex. Jerk-locked averaging...
Cortical myoclonus is associated with cortical activity preceding the myoclonus. In order to estimated the generator of this activity, we studied patients with cortical myoclonus using 37-channel first-order DC-SQUID gradiometer systems (Magnes, BTi Co Ltd).The subjects were seven patients with cortical reflex myoclonus with giant somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and one with epilepsia partialis...
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