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The messages can be exchanged in a fair manner if after the protocol, both exchanging parties can simultaneously obtain their desired messages or none of them can get useful information. Since the network communication is time consuming, the major approach for this issue is to develop a off-line trusted third party (off-line TTP) which gets involved into the exchange procedure only if at least one...
In Eurocrypt'04, the concept of the concurrent signature was introduced by Chen, Kulda and Paterson, in which they proposed a somewhat weaker concept to solve the traditional fair exchange problem. Concurrent signatures provide a new idea for fair exchange without the help of the trusted third party. Only two parties interact to produce two signatures. However two signatures are still ambiguous from...
The most efficient approach to a fair exchange is to use an off-line trusted third party (TTP for short) who gets involved only when a dispute between two parties occurs. However, exchanged secrets that are not protected properly may be exposed to the TTP when one of these two parties asks the TTP to mediate the dispute. The first work to protect exchanged secrets from TTP’s misuse was proposed by...
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