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Tachykinins play a critical role in neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. The best known members of the family are substance P (SP), neurokinin A and neurokinin B. Tachykinins mediate their biological actions through three G protein-coupled receptors, named NK1, NK2, and NK3. SP was suggested to play an important role in the ovulatory process in mammals and humans. Recent findings suggest a role...
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) significantly influences cognitive processes. Treatments which raise the level of IL-1β in the brain impair memory consolidation in contextual fear conditioning. However, the effect of IL-1β on memory reconsolidation has not yet been established. The melanocortin α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) exerts potent anti-inflammatory actions by antagonizing the effect of...
Inflammatory processes contribute widely to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The expression of many inflammatory mediators was found to be increased in central nervous system (CNS) disorders suggesting that these molecules are major contributors to neuronal damage. Melanocortins are neuropeptides that have been implicated in a wide range of physiological processes. The melanocortin alpha-melanocyte...
Tachykinins are present in the pituitary gland and in brain areas involved in the control of the secretion of pituitary hormones. Tachykinins have been demonstrated to stimulate prolactin release acting directly on the anterior pituitary gland. These peptides have also been revealed to be able to act at the hypothalamic level, interacting with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that have the potential...
We studied the effect of alpha-melanotropin hormone (α-MSH) on experimental autoimmune oophoritis (EAO), an inflammatory process induced in female rats. During proestrus, serum levels of LH and progesterone in rats with EAO were higher than those of control rats. However, administration of α-MSH to these rats decreased the levels of LH. Similarly, in the following diestrus, rats with EAO had high...
Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) precursor-derived neuropeptide EI (NEI) has not yet been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of neuropeptide EI on serum levels of LH in normal male rats and chronically ovariectomized (CHR-OVX) female rats treated with estrogen benzoate (EB) and with a low dose of progesterone. The peptide, administered intracerebroventricularly...
Modulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and the pineal gland by neurokinin A, neuropeptide K, and neuropeptide γ. PEPTIDES 1999. Neurokinin A (NKA), neuropeptide K (NPK) and neuropeptide γ (NPG) are members of the family of tachykinins, and act preferentially on NK-2 tachykinin receptors. These peptides are widely distributed and are potent stimulators of smooth muscle contraction, especially...
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