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What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Caveolae are specialised regions of bladder smooth muscle (BSM) cell membranes where specific signalling pathways are regulated. Caveolin proteins are involved in caveolar biogenesis and function as signal transduction regulators. Expression of caveolin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 has been previously identified in the bladder; however, the distribution and...
AimsCaveolae are specialized regions of the cell membrane that modulate signal transduction and alterations in these structures affect bladder smooth muscle (BSM) contraction. Since bladder dysfunctions are common in the elderly, we evaluated the effect of aging on the morphology of caveolae and caveolin protein expression in BSM.
MethodsCaveolar morphology (number, size, and depth) in BSM was determined...
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