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Based on the linear relationship between solar radiation and sunshine duration, the Angstrom model is widely used to estimate solar radiation from routinely observed meteorological variables for energy exploitation. However, the relationship may have changed in quickly developing regions in the recent decades under global “dimming” and “brightening” context, with increasing aerosols due to industrial...
This paper introduces the characterization of the measurement uncertainty of large wafer probing in the WR-1.5 (500 GHz – 750 GHz) band. A micromachined WR-1.5 probe with integrated strain sensor is used to measure calibration standard sets at different locations on a 2-inch wafer. Measurement results of the strain sensor assisted WR-1.5 probe using 20 mN contract force are presented. As a comparison,...
This paper introduces a new fabrication approach for calibration shims with ring-centered waveguide flanges using KMPR based microfabrication. The high precision of the ring-centered flange imposes more strict restrictions on the dimensions of corresponding waveguide shims, making conventional machining techniques less competitive. Taking advantage of the KMPR microfabrication process, a set of accurate...
Existing waveguide flanges impose a major limitation on measurement precision above ≃100 GHz. A ring-centered waveguide flange was proposed in and its electrical performance characterized in the WR-5 band. This paper explores an improved ring-centered waveguide flange which is backward compatible with the original UG-387 flange and with all its known variants, and facilitates standard TRL VNA calibration...
The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a trend for automobiles in the world because the oil is more and more hard up for providing, and it makes our environment polluted badly. For our motherland, along with the increasing automobile industry, she is becoming a badly pollution and lean-oil country. The demand for hybrid electric vehicle is especially urgent. Chongqing Changan automobile group makes...
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