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Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) elevation and subsequent prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production play a major role in bladder inflammation and hyperactivity. EP4 receptor, a subtype of PGE2 receptors, mediates tissue inflammation and hypersensitivity.To investigate the effect of intravesical botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) on COX-2 and EP4 expression in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis in rats.Experimental...
An animal model for nonbacterial prostatitis in rats was developed with the use of intraprostatic injection of capsaicin, an agent thought to excite C-afferent fibers and cause neurogenic inflammation. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) was tested in this model.Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were injected with varying doses of capsaicin into the prostate...
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