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Current commercial PCV2 vaccines are almost based on PCV2a and have been shown to be effective in reducing PCV2a and PCV2b viremia and PCV2-associated lesions and diseases. The recent emergence of novel mutant PCV2 (mPCV2) strains and linkage of mPCV2 with cases of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in pig herds have raised concerns over emergence of vaccine-escape mutants and reduced efficacy...
The capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 is the major immunogenic protein that is crucial to induce PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity; thus, it is a suitable target antigen for the research and development of genetically engineered vaccines against PCV2 infection. IFN-γ has exhibited potential efficacy as an immune adjuvant that enhances the immunogenicity of certain vaccines in...
To optimize previous candidate DNA vaccine, a cis-expression plasmid DNA encoding two genes, human IL-2 and multiple-epitopes genes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was constructed with internal ribosome entry site (IRES) from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and intramuscularly inoculated into mice at 1-week interval. Specific antibodies in serum and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ) from splenocytes...
Prime-and-boost vaccination strategy with DNA and protein vaccines is broadly adopted to augment the immunogenicity of both vaccines, but the mechanism is ambiguous. Antigen-specific immunological memories in humoral and cellular immune responses were examined in mice after immunization with different regimens, by the evaluation of persistence of antibody production and CTL activity, as well as T...
In order to investigate whether combined DNA vaccines are an ideal way to combine antigens in a single vaccine formulation, we immunized mice with three plasmids (pVSG, pVgD and pVE2), respectively, encoding the antigen of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and classic swine fever virus (CSFV), either alone or in a combined vaccine regimen. We also investigated the immune...
DNA vaccines have been widely reported to elicit both effective humoral and cellular immune responses, but the mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation in DNA immunization is still ambiguous. Aiming to molecular mechanisms involved in DNA immunization, comparative serum proteomics was introduced to discover differentially expressed proteins after different immunizations. Using two-dimensional...
The development and widespread use of DNA-based vaccination against infectious pathogens have been a great triumph of medical science. Quality control of DNA vaccines as biopharmaceutical productions is a problem to solve. Residual genomic DNA of engineering bacteria has been identified as a potential risk factor, so whose level must be controlled under the regulatory standards. We report a dot-blot...
It is known that only the minority of plasmid DNAs effect a cure or prevention after intramuscular injection into host. But what is the fate of the majority? And indeed how many of the injected DNAs work? Till now, little is known about it. To answer these questions, two methods including PCR and autoradiography were used in distribution study in mice that had received a single muscular inoculation...
In the present study, we investigated the duration of protection afforded to pigs immunized in two different prime-boost regimens: one is homologus priming and boosting with a protein vaccine, and the other is priming with a DNA vaccine and boosting with the protein vaccine. Groups of pigs that received the same vaccination regimen were then challenged with Taenia solium eggs at 6, 12 or 20 weeks...
This paper focuses on the development of candidate DNA vaccine encoding antigenic epitopes of type O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). A series of plasmids encoding different combinations of B cell epitopes and a T cell epitope were constructed and characterized by inoculating BALB/c mice. The specific antibodies were only detectable in the mice inoculated with plasmids encoding the T cell epitope...
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