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Subsurface formations with multiple soil/rock strata are a common geological condition for shield-driven tunnel (i.e., tunnel constructed using shield-driven machines) construction. The excavation face, under such conditions, often encounters a frequently changing stratigraphic configuration that consists of various lithological units. Furthermore, due to a lack of direct and continuous observations...
Stratigraphic (or lithological) uncertainty refers to the uncertainty of boundaries between different soil layers and lithological units, which has received increasing attention in geotechnical engineering. In this paper, an effective stochastic geological modeling framework is proposed based on Markov random field theory, which is conditional on site investigation data, such as observations of soil...
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