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The designs of a 220 GHz folded waveguide traveling wave tube (FWTWT) have been reviewed and studied systematically via 3-D electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EM PIC) simulations. 3-D Cold test simulations using both the CFDTD and FEM methods have been carried out and compared with each other as basis for the hot test simulations. The hot test simulation results show that the gain-bandwidth features...
220 GHz FWTWT designs have been reviewed and studied via 3-D CFDTD PIC simulations. 3-D Cold test simulations using both the CFDTD and FEM methods have been carried out and compared with each other as basis for the hot test simulations. The preliminary simulation results show that the gain-bandwidth features at 220 GHz are achievable while carefully avoiding beam interceptions. It is found that that...
Flow characteristics of a two-stage electrohydro-dynamic (EHD) gas pump in a circular tube has been experimentally investigated for two different sizes (61.8 mm and 127.8 mm in diameter). Each stage uses eight emitting electrodes flush mounted on the tube wall. Two electrode configurations, aligned and offset, with fixed spacing between electrodes have been considered in this study. The main objective...
In this paper, one 13 W, 110cm U-Shaped cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) is installed into a traditional T8 transparent tube with 60 cm in length. For retaining the original lighting capability of 18 W fluorescent lamp, a well-performed reflection plate was installed at the center to project the emitting light of CCFL in the same direction to promote the lighting efficiency. The zero-voltage switching...
In this research, two 13 W, 117 cm long CCFL are installed into a conventional T8 transparent tube with 119.8 cm in length. For retaining the original 38 W lighting capability, a well-performed reflection plate was installed at the center to project the emitting light of CCFL in the same direction to promote the lighting efficiency. The space between reflection plate and light tube is used to accommodate...
The feasibility of designing a multistage depressed collector using conformal finite-difference time-domain particle-in-cell simulations has been studied. A feedback mechanism is implemented to provide stable time-dependent voltages for each stage of the depressed collector. An arbitrary space-time dependent spent beam distribution can be given in our time-domain simulations. We demonstrate the design...
Hydroforming technology has been paid attention by the industries of automobile, aviation, and manufacture because of its intrinsic advantages, e.g., lightening, one-step forming, and high rigidity. The proposed paper provides an approach to investigate how the bellows minimum thickness and formability influenced by the specific manufacturing parameters of internal pressure, punch velocity, and dimensional...
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