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This paper describes an early step in approaching implicit meaning computationally. It outlines various types of implicit meanings and then presents a method of finding the so called defaults - omissions that are universally reconstructable and, of course, interpretible without much additional reasoning. The defaults are analyzed on the example of the 1000 instances of TerminateLife events, and a...
This paper addresses the complicated issue of social roles in a formal theory of cognition as well as in the methodology and implementation of natural language meaning representation in various computational applications. We start with analyzing a specific set of operational and substantive difficulties encountered in processing social roles in computational semantics. While exemplified within a specific...
The paper starts out with an observation that, in the domain of fuzzy logic, fuzzy sets, computing with words, etc., the charges from the outside that fuzziness equals probability are routinely and calmly rebuffed, but confusing fuzziness with vagueness has not been ultimately dealt with even inside the community. We leave completely aside the category of vagueness that is an artifact of approaches,...
The paper addresses the need for an ontology- and meaning-based approach for natural-language-understanding and information-processing computational systems. After a discussion of an oft-ignored form/content dichotomy that offers an explicit understanding of what meaning is and is not, a specific approach, the Ontological Semantic Technology, is introduced and several aspects of meaning representation...
In this paper, we report on a part of a large experiment in structuring information from natural language descriptions of animals from a children's dictionary. The structuring included the recognition and postulation of properties and capturing the is-a hierarchy from the descriptions. The material was taken from the 2007 edition of the American Heritage First Dictionary. We applied the methodology...
A recent Facebook update informed a user's friends that, on a night out at a bar, “a white dude was hitting on me all night”. It occurred to a couple of us independently that the user was not white or at least very likely not to be white, which was actually confirmed by those in the know. This paper is an attempt to explore and explain, the nature of this and similar inferences and to sketch out a...
The paper outlines a framework for a full incorporation of fuzziness into a comprehensive system of natural language meaning processing with the help of ontological semantic technology. It goes far beyond the traditional examples of fuzziness for natural language modifiers, claiming that fuzziness is pervasive throughout natural language and cannot be avoided without a considerable penalty on accuracy.
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