The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Background and aims
Drug‐related deaths in Scotland more than doubled between 2011 and 2020. To inform policymakers and understand drivers of this increase, we estimated the number of people with opioid dependence aged 15–64 from 2014/15 to 2019/20.
Design
We fitted a Bayesian multi‐parameter estimation of prevalence (MPEP) model, using adverse event rates to estimate prevalence of opioid dependence...
Aims
To estimate the prevalence of, and number of unobserved people with opioid dependence by sex and age group in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
Design
We applied a Bayesian statistical modelling approach to opioid agonist treatment records linked to adverse event rate data. We estimated prevalence from three types of adverse event separately: opioid mortality, opioid‐poisoning hospitalizations...
Background and Aims
Indirect estimation methods are required for estimating the size of populations where only a proportion of individuals are observed directly, such as problem drug users (PDUs). Capture–recapture and multiplier methods are widely used, but have been criticized as subject to bias. We propose a new approach to estimating prevalence of PDU from numbers of fatal drug‐related poisonings...
Aims
To compare long‐term trends in wastewater data with other indicators of stimulant use in three locations and to test the reliability of estimates based on 1 week of sampling.
Design
Comparison of trends in quantities (‘loads’) of stimulants or their metabolites in wastewater with trends in other indicators of stimulant use (e.g. treatment, police, population survey data).
Setting and Participants...
Aims
To assess the safety of buprenorphine compared with methadone to treat pregnant women with opioid use disorder.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational cohort studies (OBS) that compared buprenorphine with methadone for treating opioid‐dependent pregnant women. Two reviewers assessed...
Background and Aims
Capture–recapture (CRC) analysis is recommended for estimating the prevalence of problem drug use or people who inject drugs (PWID). We aim to demonstrate how naive application of CRC can lead to highly misleading results, and to suggest how the problems might be overcome.
Methods
We present a case study of estimating the prevalence of PWID in Bristol, UK, applying CRC to lists...
AimsTo investigate childhood influences on onset of injection drug use.
DesignMatched case–control study.
SettingEdinburgh, Scotland.
ParticipantsA total of 432 individuals presenting at a community health facility with injection drug use and 432 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐injecting controls recruited through the same facility.
MeasurementsMain exposures considered were family structure and experience...
The present paper considers naltrexone to treat opioid dependence during pregnancy. The public health problem of opioid dependence and its treatment during pregnancy is reviewed first. Next, the naltrexone and opioid dependence treatment literature is summarized, with overviews of the pre‐clinical and clinical research on prenatal naltrexone exposure. Finally, considerations and recommendations for...
AimTo examine hepatic enzyme test results throughout the course of pregnancy in women maintained on methadone or buprenorphine.
DesignParticipants were randomized to either methadone or buprenorphine maintenance. Blood chemistry tests, including liver transaminases and hepatitis C virus (HCV) status, were determined every 4 weeks and once postpartum. As part of a planned secondary analysis, generalized...
AimsTo examine the relationship of anxiety and depression symptoms with treatment outcomes (treatment discontinuation, rates of ongoing use of illicit drugs and likelihood of preterm delivery) in opioid‐dependent pregnant women and describe their use of psychotropic medications.
Design and settingSecondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial of treatment for opioid dependence during pregnancy...
AimTo determine the effects of in utero exposure to methadone or buprenorphine on infant neurobehavior.
DesignThree sites from the Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research (MOTHER) study, a double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized clinical trial participated in this substudy.
SettingMedical Centers that provided comprehensive maternal care to opioid‐dependent pregnant women in Baltimore,...
AimsTo characterize infections and compare obstetric outcomes in opioid‐dependent pregnant women who participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing agonist medications, methadone and buprenorphine.
DesignIncidence of infections was identified as part of the screening medical assessment. As part of a planned secondary analysis, analysis of variance and polytomous logistic regressions were conducted...
AimsTo compare the profile of signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in methadone‐ versus buprenorphine‐exposed infants.
Design, setting and participantsSecondary analysis of NAS data from a multi‐site, double‐blind, double‐dummy, flexible‐dosing, randomized clinical trial. Data from a total of 129 neonates born to opioid‐dependent women who had been assigned to receive methadone or buprenorphine...
AimTo identify factors that predict the expression of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in infants exposed to methadone or buprenorphine in utero.
Design and SettingMulti‐site randomized clinical trial in which infants were observed for a minimum of 10 days following birth, and assessed for NAS symptoms by trained raters.
ParticipantsA total of 131 infants born to opioid dependent mothers, 129...
AimsThis paper reviews the published literature regarding outcomes following maternal treatment with buprenorphine in five areas: maternal efficacy, fetal effects, neonatal effects, effects on breast milk and longer‐term developmental effects.
MethodsWithin each outcome area, findings are summarized first for the three randomized clinical trials and then for the 44 non‐randomized studies (i.e. prospective...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.