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Japanese oak bark, which is one of the most difficult woody biomass materials for iron-catalyzed lowtemperature (<700°C) hydrogasification, was subjected to HNO3 oxidation as the pretreatment after prewashing with water. The effect was compared with that of HCl demineralization from four points of view: (1) removal of catalyst poisons; (2) development of porosity in the cell tissue; (3) introduction...
Demineralized birch char co-loaded with nickel and calcium was hydrogasified to examine the catalytic behavior of the binary system at temperatures below 700°C. The activity of nickel was determined by the amount of co-existing calcium, and it became a maximum at a given ratio of calcium to nickel. This can be explained by the two roles of calcium: (1) retardation of nickel sintering and (2) inhibition...
Iron-loaded raw and demineralized birch chars were hydrogasified in a thermobalance to examine the influence of ash removal on their reactivities at 700 and 800°C. Demineralization was so effective in enhancing the reactivity in the low-temperature region that 4 wt% iron loading gave a conversion of 90 wt% at 700°C. The increased catalytic effect of iron in the absence of wood ash can be explained...
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