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A three dimensional transient model was developed to simulate the pyrolysis process of low-rank sub-bituminous coal in a laboratory-scale externally heated fixed-bed reactor. The water evaporation and the release of volatiles were taken into account in the model. The simulation was first validated by the central temperature evolution of reactor. The evolution of bed temperature, generation of gaseous...
This article presents an overview on carbon chemical structure transformation to understand kerogen thermal decomposition based on the chemical structure of kerogen. Formation of kerogen is highlighted to distinguish the typical types of kerogen containing in oil shale and coal. The oil production potential for oil shale and coal is found to little correlate with their organic amounts but to depend...
The nano-hybrid pour point depressants (PPDs) was prepared by organically modified nano-clay covering in polymeric PPDs, namely, polymethyl acrylate (PMA), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and poly-α-olefin. The effects of nano-hybrid PPDs on the cold flow properties of diesel fuel were evaluated. The crystal morphology and crystallization behavior of the diesel fuels in low-temperature were also...
This article is devoted to investigating the contributions of char-N and volatile-N to NOx formation from fluidized bed combustion of high-nitrogen fuel (distilled spirited lees (DSL)) in steam-rich atmospheres, to make clear the effect of steam on NOx reduction and the related mechanisms. The char and the volatile prepared by pyrolysis of the DSL were subjected to combustion tests in a fluidized...
Improving the flow ability at a low temperature is vital for the utilization and popularization of biodiesel. The cold flow properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel–0# diesel blends with poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) pour point depressants were studied. Here results showed that B20 (20vol.% biodiesel-80vol.% diesel) treated with 400ppm PAO exhibited the best depression in cloud point, cold filter plugging...
This study aims to reduce the cloud point (CP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and pour point (PP) of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (BWCO) by ternary complementary blending 0# petro-diesel (PD) and diesel from direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) with BWCO. The cold flow properties of BWCO–PD–DDCL ternary blends, and BWCO–PD, BWCO–DDCL binary blends were comparative evaluated. Ternary phase diagrams...
An integrated fluidized bed (IFB) consisting of an upper transport bed section and a bottom fluidized bed section was adopted to investigate the transport bed coal pyrolysis by varying its reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere adjusted to simulate steam-containing syngas produced by the bottom fluidized bed char gasification. Steam and syngas, in comparison with N2, as the reaction atmosphere...
The secondary reactions occurring during the formation of shale oil are investigated with Huadian oil shale pyrolysis by solid heat carrier in a newly devised moving bed with internals (MBI). The effect of secondary reactions, which are mainly vapor-phase cracking, on shale oil property and yield at different temperatures is characterized on the basis of ultimate, 13C NMR and GC–MS analyses of the...
The so-called micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were adopted to comparatively investigate the non-isothermal gasification of coal char with CO2. Experimental results demonstrated that heating rate obviously affected the coal char gasification reaction. Raising heating rate evidently increased the temperatures at the initiating reaction (Ti), the maximal...
This study is devoted to improving the heating to oil shale particles and in turn the yield and quality of shale oil in fixed bed reactors indirectly heated through use of internals. Metallic heating plates were vertically welded on the reactor wall as heating enhancement internals to provide extra heating surfaces inside the oil shale bed and to increase the high-temperature heating surface area...
This article reports a new moving bed with particularly designed side and central channels as its internals for small-size oil shale pyrolysis by solid heat carrier. The bed is called moving bed with internals (MBI), and the solid heat carrier is shale ash from industrial Fushun retorting furnace. The pyrolysis was tested by varying the temperature of solid heat carrier, thickness of particle bed...
In order to improve leaching efficiency of vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) from stone coal and to reduce its connected environmental pollution, this article investigated the oxidizing roasting of stone coal in a laboratory fluidized bed reactor to optimize the roasting method and conditions. The examined parameters included reaction temperature, reaction time and amount and mixing method...
The present study examines the influence of water vapor in combustion atmosphere on NOx emission from oxygen-enriched combustion of air-dried distilled spirit lees and its char in a laboratory fluidized bed of 760mm high and 68mm in inner diameter. Steam was added into the fluidizing gas to vary the vapor content in the combustion atmosphere. At a combustion temperature of 950°C and a steam-to-fuel...
is an important fragment during the pyrolysis process of Hatcher subbituminous model. As a precursor for cresol, it can capture hydrogen radical to form intermediate C9H10O and may continue to produce o-cresol and ethylene in the presence of hydrogen resource. These simulation results for the initial pyrolysis process and the reaction mechanisms agree with previous experimental observations.
Jetting pre-oxidation was proposed to destroy the caking property of bituminous coal in a fluidized bed (FB) gasifier. By defining an index ω to characterize the degree or realized effect of caking destruction, experiments were conducted in an electrically heated laboratory FB reactor under different conditions to investigate the feasibility and required conditions for effectively destroying the caking...
The so-called petroleum residue cracking gasification (RCG) process intends to convert the heavy oil first into cracked liquid by catalytic cracking and then into syngas via catalytic gasification of the cracking-formed coke. A bifunctional catalyst (BFC) was synthesized in this article and tested for the petroleum residue cracking gasification in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor through comparison...
Via isolating the fuel pyrolysis and char gasification, the so-called dual bed pyrolysis gasification (DBPG) was proposed to realize the co-production of pyrolysis products and gasification gas. The process simulation with Aspen Plus shows that the DBPG process can run autothermally using air as the gasification reagent, but the complete conversion of char in the gasifier requires relatively high...
Through separating coal pyrolysis and char combustion and letting the pyrolysis gas burn in its passing through the combusting char bed, the so-called decoupling combustion has been proven to be effective for lowering NO x emission of coal and biomass combustion. The original design of the decoupling combustion was based on coal pyrolysis incurring with the heat transferring from the char...
The isothermal differential characteristics of the gas–solid reaction occurring in a micro-fluidized bed reactor were studied using the indigenously developed Micro-Fluidized Bed Reaction Analyzer (MFBRA). The combustion of graphite powder in micrometers was taken as the model reaction because of its negligible internal diffusion and chemical-reaction simplicity. With minimized inhibitions from both...
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