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Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) are an ecologically, economically, and culturally important species to the native and non-native fishers of Lake Huron, Canada. Studying the effects of anthropogenic activity on lake whitefish is of utmost importance to ensure this species remains viable in its environment for sustainable harvest. One analysis tool that is frequently used for ecological population...
Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability that can cause motor and cognitive impairments. New technologies such as robotic devices and serious games are increasingly being developed to improve post-stroke rehabilitation. The aim of the present project was to develop a ROBiGAME serious game to simultaneously improve motor and cognitive deficits (in particular hemiparesis and hemineglect). In...
In this paper, three experiments with coupled dipoles were carried out in order to determine the optimal distance where an efficient communication link can be established. The simulations results showed that when the subcutaneous dipole is installed adjacently to the surface of the skin, the dipole mounted above the skin level should be in the range of 20 mm to 25 mm for efficient communication. Subsequently,...
On October 19, 2014, a comet passed so close to Mars that its debris cloud enveloped the planet. This Mars comet flyby provided the unique opportunity to temporarily turn Mars missions into comet missions, and obtain data that would advance the scientific knowledge of comets. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) team implemented new operations and reconfigured the spacecraft to observe Comet Siding...
This paper presents the effect of water on a pair of 1.8GHz on-body diversity monopole antennas mounted on the forearm of a sitting male static volunteer. Application of a water layer to the forearm was seen to both reduce efficiency and increase directivity leading to a slight overall increase in gain. Increased gain was shown to increase antenna correlation thereby reducing diversity gain in the...
Spectacular expansion of RFID systems and applications by several industries such as business, electronics, health, marketing, transportation, etc. has made RFID ever more popular. Within this context, the industry search for lower tag weight and low cost system together with solemn security to satisfy the consumer. Tag search is among the most requested protocols in such systems. Being light weight...
This paper presents the application of software-defined radio to the study of received power with and without a human in close proximity to a receiver transmitter pair. Software defined radio is increasingly being used in radio related research and teaching in Universities, Schools and Colleges. For teaching it is typically being used in the classroom in close proximity to users/observers. Because...
This paper evaluates the suitability of existing 2-D interpolation techniques to estimate RF power density levels within an automobile manufacturing plant in the UK. This analysis is based on a measurement campaign carried out at five locations within the plant. Using widely accepted interpolation techniques, a power density grid that provides an estimate of power density distribution for the plant...
This paper presents RF power density measurements carried out at an automobile manufacturing plant in the UK. This measurement campaign was carried out in order to quantify the amount of ambient RF power available within the plant. Due to the location of the plant, low power density measurements were recorded in the base-station downlink. The dominant frequencies at the plant were GSM-1800 and 3G...
This paper presents the use of two generic on-body antenna types, a probe and a magnetic dipole with and without a radome constructed of Rohacell. Its is shown that Rohacell minimally attenuates the electromagnetic signal transmitted or received by the antenna concluding to the cover being essentially transparent to radio waves at 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz. In on-body meaurements radomes can be used to protect...
A new low profile antenna comprised of a PIFA and an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) are presented. The PIFA antenna is placed at the edge of the AMC structure for bandwidth improvement. Use of a square-ring elementary element AMC without via is shown to maintain the PIFAs radiation efficiency with a low profile. The chosen AMC exhibits the required zero phase reflection coefficient for normally...
Typically mobile handsets are used in close proximity to the users head, hand and shoulder. The radio frequency energy received and produced by the handset interacts with biological tissue causing severe perturbations to the radio channel. Human tissue is both dispersive and lossy therefore both the frequency and amplitude of any wave interacting with a user either in the uplink or the downlink will...
Since the user is generally in the near field On-body antennas are accepted as more complex to optimise than their free space counterparts. Use of the body as a platform for wearable electronics is a topical subject. Omnidirectional antennas are thought to be useful for antennas in body area networks. However, the desirable properties of omnidirectional radiation patterns close to humans are severely...
This paper describes the properties of twin arm wire helical antennas with a balanced feed. Included types are the cylindrical helical, the prolate spherical, the true spherical, the oblate spherical and the twin parallel spiral antenna. Examples for operation at 2.45 GHz for on-body antenna for a body area network are considered. Optimisation of cores with high permittivities was carried out using...
Use of the body as a platform for wearable electronics is a topical subject. Omnidirectional antennas are thought to be useful for antennas in body area networks. However, the desirable properties of omnidirectional radiation patterns close to humans are severely diminished due to the lossy load nature of biological matter and high levels of scattering due to mismatch. To alleviate these problems...
This paper presents a high performance THz imaging array using advanced CMOS technology. The single element of the 0.3 THz 4×4 45 nm CMOS imaging array is composed of a high-efficiency differential on-chip antenna meeting all metal-density rules, which is coupled to a differential detector and a low noise CMOS IF amplifier. The array results in an NEP of 100 pW/Hz1/2, a responsivity of 1.8–2.0 kV/W...
Sense and avoid is the primary technical hurdle to unmanned aircraft system airspace integration. Several sense and avoid system concepts have been proposed, including numerous system architectures and technologies for aircraft surveillance, and threat detection and resolution. However, there is little evidence to support concept refinement, evaluation, requirements development, and validation. This...
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have proven to have distinct advantages compared to manned aircraft for a variety of tasks. Current airspace regulations require a capability to sense and avoid other aircraft to replace the ability of a pilot to see and avoid other traffic. A prototype phased-array radar was developed and tested to demonstrate a capability to support the sense and avoid (SAA) requirement...
This paper considers a twin arm wire spherical helical antenna with a balanced feed. Each arm of the antenna forms a hemispherical helical antenna. The frequency of operation is 2.45 GHz. Under a genetic algorithm the antenna was optimised for axial ratio, gain and half-power beam width using core permittivity, radius, wire thickness and length. In the limit the antenna becomes two flattened spiral...
This paper presents a 2×2 amplifier-multiplier array with on-chip antennas at 163–180 GHz in 45 nm CMOS SOI technology. The measured EIRP is > 2 dBm at 165–175 GHz with a peak value of 5 dBm at 170 GHz meeting the stringiest metal-density rules for antennas. The amplifier-multiplier architecture is scalable to N × Marrays for high EIRP and transmit power.
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