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This paper provides an overview of on-going transmission development to meet environmental policies in the State of California. Currently, load serving entities in the State of California are required to procure 20 percent of its energy with renewable generation by 2010 and the Governor's Executive Order sets a target of 33 percent Renewable Portfolio Standard by 2020. To meet this target by 2020,...
Renewable energy integration with the power systems will change the power systems in many ways. Renewable resources in remote areas will trigger extensive transmission upgrades to deliver green energy to the load centers. The intermittent and non-dispatchable characteristics of the renewable resources will impact both long-term system adequacy and real-time system security. Uncertainty of the development...
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and each regional reliability coordinator such as Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) have created planning standards that define the scope of transmission planning study and the criteria of assessing stability. Transmission planning study identifies transmission upgrades to meet these criteria. In a transmission planning study, however,...
This paper provides an overview of probabilistic planning reserve margin studies at the California Independent System Operator. Currently, load serving entities in the State of California, with its retail load under the jurisdiction of the California Public Utility Commission, are required to procure reserve level at 15 - 17 percent. However, the requirement is deterministic in nature. The California...
This paper provides a summary of the various tools that have been considered and utilized by the engineers at the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) in transmission expansion planning and operational studies. The tools described herein are typical but not limited for use in reliability and economic evaluation of transmission systems. It is not the intention of the CAISO engineers to endorse...
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