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Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs), their possible shocks and sheaths, and co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) are the primary large-scale heliospheric structures driving geospace disturbances at the Earth. CIRs are followed by a faster stream where Alfvénic fluctuations may drive prolonged high-latitude activity. In this paper we highlight that these structures have all different origins,...
As observed in Thomson-scattered white light, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are manifest as large-scale expulsions of plasma magnetically driven from the corona in the most energetic eruptions from the Sun. It remains a tantalizing mystery as to how these erupting magnetic fields evolve to form the complex structures we observe in the solar wind at Earth. Here, we strive to provide a fresh perspective...
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